Satanael - Revision history

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	==== As a fallen angel ====		==== As a fallen angel ====
	Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible\|biblical]] theology and cosmology. They view Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but typically reject the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act. {{~~Plcs~~}}		Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible\|biblical]] theology and cosmology. They view Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but typically reject the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act.
			{{Needs expansion}}

	==== As creator ====		==== As creator ====

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	Some Satanists believe that Satanael is in fact the true creator of the universe.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref> While this belief is uncommon, it is not unique to Joy of Satan Ministries; some independent theistic Satanists also affirm Satan as the creator god.<ref>“[https://thesatancollection.blogspot.com/ The Satan Collection],” an independent theistic Satanist blog: quoted, “I do believe in Satan as the Creator God.”</ref> Most "Satan-as-Creator" Satanists still recognize other gods and spirits who are subordinate to Satanael and are usually referred to as demons. True monotheistic Satanism is very rare, but when it does exist, it almost always co-occurs with the Satan-as-Creator belief.		Some Satanists believe that Satanael is in fact the true creator of the universe.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref> While this belief is uncommon, it is not unique to Joy of Satan Ministries; some independent theistic Satanists also affirm Satan as the creator god.<ref>“[https://thesatancollection.blogspot.com/ The Satan Collection],” an independent theistic Satanist blog: quoted, “I do believe in Satan as the Creator God.”</ref> Most "Satan-as-Creator" Satanists still recognize other gods and spirits who are subordinate to Satanael and are usually referred to as demons. True monotheistic Satanism is very rare, but when it does exist, it almost always co-occurs with the Satan-as-Creator belief.

	The belief in Satan as creator is often paired with disbelief in Yahweh, usually with the specific claim that Yahweh is a fictional god fabricated by humans who desired control over others.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “Spiritual Satanism,” in which “YHVH” or Jehovah “is a false entity” and Satan is the “True Creator God.”</ref> In the case of Joy of Satan Ministries, the claim is that Yahweh was made up by the Jews in an attempt to control the world; they are criticized by many other Satanists for their known association with neo-Nazism, their antisemitic conspiracy theories, and their promotion of pseudohistorical "ancient aliens" ideology. ~~However~~, ~~this unfortunate truth~~ should not be taken to imply that all Satanists who do not believe in Yahweh have ~~the same~~ reasoning. Satanists who reject the existence of Yahweh may derive their disbelief from the fact that human rulers have used [[Yahwist]] ideas as a highly effective control tactic throughout history, or even simply from a lack of personal spiritual experiences with Yahweh.		The belief in Satan as creator is often paired with disbelief in Yahweh, usually with the specific claim that Yahweh is a fictional god fabricated by humans who desired control over others.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “Spiritual Satanism,” in which “YHVH” or Jehovah “is a false entity” and Satan is the “True Creator God.”</ref> In the case of Joy of Satan Ministries, the claim is that Yahweh was made up by the Jews in an attempt to control the world; they are criticized by many other Satanists for their known association with neo-Nazism, their antisemitic conspiracy theories, and their promotion of pseudohistorical "ancient aliens" ideology.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, ''[https://libraryofagartha.com/Occultism/%27Aryan%27%20Occultism/Joy%20Of%20Satan%20library/JoS%20-%20Exposing%20Christianity%20Volume%203%20-%20Biblical%20Insanity.pdf Exposing Christianity, Volume 3: Biblical Insanity]'', p. 37, claiming that Jews invented a fictitious biblical history and that Gentiles are consequently “enslaved at the hands of the Jews who control all of the wealth and the power.”</ref><ref>ChaosGarden, “[https://sincitysatanist.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/an-open-letter-to-the-joy-of-satan/ An Open Letter To The Joy Of Satan],” ''Sin City Satanism'', January 13, 2013, criticizing Joy of Satan from within the Satanic milieu as a deeply flawed organization.</ref> This unpleasant claim by Joy of Satan should not be taken to imply that all Satanists who do not believe in Yahweh have similar reasoning. Satanists who reject the existence of Yahweh may derive their disbelief from the fact that human rulers have used [[Yahwist]] ideas as a highly effective control tactic throughout history, or even simply from a lack of personal spiritual experiences with Yahweh.

	==== As an abstract cosmic force ====		==== As an abstract cosmic force ====

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	Even though the [[Satanic religions]] are not [[Abrahamic religions]] and do not use the [[Bible]] as scripture, many Satanic understandings of Satanael are influenced by reinterpretation of certain biblical and [[Parabiblical literature\|apocryphal]] stories about Satanael. For example, the Genesis story of Satanael as the serpent in [[Eden]] who counseled Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit has inspired many Satanists to view him as an enlightener who helps humans gain knowledge without being limited to what a higher authority approves of them learning. The fallen-angel interpretation of Satanael is also largely based on the Bible, specifically Isaiah 14:12, Ezekiel 28:13-17, Luke 10:18, and Revelation 12:9.		Even though the [[Satanic religions]] are not [[Abrahamic religions]] and do not use the [[Bible]] as scripture, many Satanic understandings of Satanael are influenced by reinterpretation of certain biblical and [[Parabiblical literature\|apocryphal]] stories about Satanael. For example, the Genesis story of Satanael as the serpent in [[Eden]] who counseled Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit has inspired many Satanists to view him as an enlightener who helps humans gain knowledge without being limited to what a higher authority approves of them learning. The fallen-angel interpretation of Satanael is also largely based on the Bible, specifically Isaiah 14:12, Ezekiel 28:13-17, Luke 10:18, and Revelation 12:9.

	==== As a ~~rebel~~ angel ====		==== As a fallen angel ====
	Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible\|biblical]] theology and cosmology. They view Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but ~~usually~~ reject the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act. {{Plcs}}		Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible\|biblical]] theology and cosmology. They view Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but typically reject the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act. {{Plcs}}

	==== As creator ====		==== As creator ====
	Some Satanists ~~even~~ believe that ~~Satan~~ is the true creator of the universe~~, and that Yahweh does not really exist, but was fabricated by humans desiring control over others~~.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref>		Some Satanists believe that Satanael is in fact the true creator of the universe.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref> While this belief is uncommon, it is not unique to Joy of Satan Ministries; some independent theistic Satanists also affirm Satan as the creator god.<ref>“[https://thesatancollection.blogspot.com/ The Satan Collection],” an independent theistic Satanist blog: quoted, “I do believe in Satan as the Creator God.”</ref> Most "Satan-as-Creator" Satanists still recognize other gods and spirits who are subordinate to Satanael and are usually referred to as demons. True monotheistic Satanism is very rare, but when it does exist, it almost always co-occurs with the Satan-as-Creator belief.

	~~==== In opposition to Yahweh ====~~		The belief in Satan as creator is often paired with disbelief in Yahweh, usually with the specific claim that Yahweh is a fictional god fabricated by humans who desired control over others.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “Spiritual Satanism,” in which “YHVH” or Jehovah “is a false entity” and Satan is the “True Creator God.”</ref> In the case of Joy of Satan Ministries, the claim is that Yahweh was made up by the Jews in an attempt to control the world; they are criticized by many other Satanists for their known association with neo-Nazism, their antisemitic conspiracy theories, and their promotion of pseudohistorical "ancient aliens" ideology. However, this unfortunate truth should not be taken to imply that all Satanists who do not believe in Yahweh have the same reasoning. Satanists who reject the existence of Yahweh may derive their disbelief from the fact that human rulers have used [[Yahwist]] ideas as a highly effective control tactic throughout history, or even simply from a lack of personal spiritual experiences with Yahweh.
	~~Some Satanists, especially but not always Diabolists, understand~~ Satan as ~~one half of a cosmic duality or opposition where the other half~~ is usually ~~[[Yahweh]]. A relatively obscure group called~~ the ~~International Temple of Satan understood~~ Yahweh ~~and Satan as personal beings who are polar opposites and exist in~~ a ~~state of cosmic antagonism, creating a duality in the cosmos. In their eyes,~~ humans ~~must choose a side: they must support one or the other~~.<ref ~~name="IToS-Polarities"~~>~~International Temple~~ of Satan, ~~“[https://templeofsatan.wordpress.com/2010/04/28/satan-~~and~~-yahweh-as-polarities/~~ Satan ~~and Yahweh as Polarities],~~” ~~28 April 2010.~~</ref> ~~International Temple~~ of Satan ~~members believed~~ that ~~when~~ the ~~final battle comes at the end of~~ the world, ~~Satan will win over Yahweh.<ref name=~~"~~IToS-Polarities~~" ~~/> They also identify Satan with Lucifer~~, ~~specifically stating~~ that ~~they use~~ the ~~title Satan to refer to~~ the ~~god named Lucifer.<ref>International Temple~~ of ~~Satan, “~~[~~https://templeofsatan.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/lucifer-and-satan/ Lucifer and Satan~~],~~” ''The International Temple~~ of ~~Satan'', April 24, 2010~~.~~</ref>~~

	==== As an abstract cosmic force ====		==== As an abstract cosmic force ====
	The First Church of Satan once described different understandings of Satan through a trinity of differing Satanic currents: Gnostic, Traditional, and Generational, which are respectively likened to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit of Satanic doctrines.<ref name="FCoS FAQ">First Church of Satan, “[https://arcane-archive.org/religion/satanism/the-first-church-of-satan-faq-1.php Frequently Asked Questions],” archived by ''The Arcane Archive''.</ref> Many of the ideas presented by FCoS imply a highly abstract and impersonal view of Satan as a sort of living force that has will and shapes all things. Interestingly, FCoS makes several attempts to bridge the gap between Satanism and Wicca, stating that the force called "Satan" by Generational Satanists is the same one referred to as either "the Goddess" or "Pan" by Wiccans. They also present multiple eclectic syncretic interpretations, including the identification of the pagan god Loki with Lucifer and the use of the Hindu goddess Kali as the name of the ultimate dark force of the universe. The most unique claims made by FCoS are perhaps the ones that are Christian-influenced: angels, seraphim, and Watchers are all said to simply be other names for the ancient advanced race of beings who are called daemons by FCoS, and Joan of Arc is said to have been a daemon living on earth.<ref name="FCoS FAQ" />		The First Church of Satan once described different understandings of Satan through a trinity of differing Satanic currents: Gnostic, Traditional, and Generational, which are respectively likened to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit of Satanic doctrines.<ref name="FCoS FAQ">First Church of Satan, “[https://arcane-archive.org/religion/satanism/the-first-church-of-satan-faq-1.php Frequently Asked Questions],” archived by ''The Arcane Archive''.</ref> Many of the ideas presented by FCoS imply a highly abstract and impersonal view of Satan as a sort of living force that has will and shapes all things. Interestingly, FCoS makes several attempts to bridge the gap between Satanism and Wicca, stating that the force called "Satan" by Generational Satanists is the same one referred to as either "the Goddess" or "Pan" by Wiccans. They also present multiple eclectic syncretic interpretations, including the identification of the pagan god Loki with Lucifer and the use of the Hindu goddess Kali as the name of the ultimate dark force of the universe. The most unique claims made by FCoS are perhaps the ones that are Christian-influenced: angels, seraphim, and Watchers are all said to simply be other names for the ancient advanced race of beings who are called daemons by FCoS, and Joan of Arc is said to have been a daemon living on earth.<ref name="FCoS FAQ" />

			==== In opposition to Yahweh ====
			Some Satanists, especially but not always Diabolists, understand Satan as one half of a cosmic duality or opposition where the other half is usually [[Yahweh]]. A relatively obscure group called the International Temple of Satan understood Yahweh and Satan as personal beings who are polar opposites and exist in a state of cosmic antagonism, creating a duality in the cosmos. In their eyes, humans must choose a side: they must support one or the other.<ref name="IToS-Polarities">International Temple of Satan, “[https://templeofsatan.wordpress.com/2010/04/28/satan-and-yahweh-as-polarities/ Satan and Yahweh as Polarities],” 28 April 2010.</ref> International Temple of Satan members believed that when the final battle comes at the end of the world, Satan will win over Yahweh.<ref name="IToS-Polarities" /> They also identify Satan with Lucifer, specifically stating that they use the title Satan to refer to the god named Lucifer.<ref>International Temple of Satan, “[https://templeofsatan.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/lucifer-and-satan/ Lucifer and Satan],” ''The International Temple of Satan'', April 24, 2010.</ref>

	==== With Gnostic influence ====		==== With Gnostic influence ====
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	The polytheistic Church of Azazel, founded by well-respected Satanist author Diane Vera, identifies Satan with Azazel and does not syncretize him with any pagan gods. However, in addition to Azazel, it worships five "Rising Gods of the Modern West," who are named as [[Lilith]], [[Prometheus]], Ishtar, Pan, and Lucifer-of-Sophia.<ref name="CoA-Rising-Gods">Diane Vera, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20231228055903/http://theisticsatanism.com/CoAz/belief/risingGods.html Our Five Rising Gods of the Modern West],” ''Church of Azazel'', archived December 28, 2023, via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.</ref> Prometheus, Ishtar, and Pan are pagan deities. This is an example of a Satanic religion that expresses pagan influence through polytheistic worship rather than syncretism of Satanael with pagan deities.		The polytheistic Church of Azazel, founded by well-respected Satanist author Diane Vera, identifies Satan with Azazel and does not syncretize him with any pagan gods. However, in addition to Azazel, it worships five "Rising Gods of the Modern West," who are named as [[Lilith]], [[Prometheus]], Ishtar, Pan, and Lucifer-of-Sophia.<ref name="CoA-Rising-Gods">Diane Vera, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20231228055903/http://theisticsatanism.com/CoAz/belief/risingGods.html Our Five Rising Gods of the Modern West],” ''Church of Azazel'', archived December 28, 2023, via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.</ref> Prometheus, Ishtar, and Pan are pagan deities. This is an example of a Satanic religion that expresses pagan influence through polytheistic worship rather than syncretism of Satanael with pagan deities.

	Joy of Satan Ministries, which has now renamed itself to the Temple of Zeus, presents its faith as a continuation of ancient pagan religions and identifies Satan with the Mesopotamian god Enki and the Hellenic god Zeus.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/Welcome.html Welcome],” explaining that Satan is a real being and presenting its faith as a restoration of an ancient pagan religion.</ref> While Joy of Satan members are Satanists and their theology is indeed an example of pagan influence in modern theistic Satanism, it is worth noting that they are criticized by many other Satanists for their known association with neo-Nazism and the presence of antisemitic "ancient Jewish aliens" theories in their ideology.		Joy of Satan Ministries, which has now renamed itself to the Temple of Zeus, presents its faith as a continuation of ancient pagan religions and identifies Satan with the Mesopotamian god Enki and the Hellenic god Zeus.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/Welcome.html Welcome],” explaining that Satan is a real being and presenting its faith as a restoration of an ancient pagan religion.</ref>

	=== Luciferianism ===		=== Luciferianism ===

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	=== Theistic Satanism ===		=== Theistic Satanism ===
	{{Main\|Theistic Satanism}}		{{Main\|Theistic Satanism}}
	[[Theistic Satanism]] is an umbrella term for a group of [[theistic]] religions that believe in Satanael as a real being, consider him worthy of veneration or [[worship]], and revere him actively.<ref>Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “[https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Satanic Attitudes],” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197.</ref> ~~Most theistic Satanists refer to their deity as Satan or Lucifer.~~ [[Satano-Grigorism]] is one of many theistic Satanic religions.		[[Theistic Satanism]] is an umbrella term for a group of [[theistic]] religions that believe in Satanael as a real being, consider him worthy of veneration or [[worship]], and revere him actively.<ref>Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “[https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Satanic Attitudes],” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197.</ref> [[Satano-Grigorism]] is one of many theistic Satanic religions.

	Various theistic Satanic religions differ on theology, nomenclature, and cosmology, including their beliefs on the nature and identity of Satanael. ~~Some~~ forms of theistic Satanism ~~consider~~ the names of Satanael ~~listed elsewhere on this page~~ to be distinct beings~~, or~~ conflate Satanael with other beings such as [[Samael]] or [[Ahriman]]. Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible\|biblical]] theology and cosmology~~, viewing~~ Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but ~~rejecting~~ the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act. ~~Others do not accept this framework, instead viewing him as an independently existing being who was not created by Yahweh, but opposes tyrants such as Yahweh.~~ Some Satanists even believe that Satan is the true creator of the universe, and that Yahweh does not really exist, but was fabricated by humans desiring control over others.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref> The story of the serpent in Eden inspires many Satanists to view Satan as a teacher and enlightener who helps humans gain understanding and freedom without being limited to what is approved of by a higher authority.		Various theistic Satanic religions differ on theology, nomenclature, and cosmology, including their beliefs on the nature and identity of Satanael. Most theistic Satanists refer to their deity as Satan or Lucifer. Many forms of theistic Satanism assert that some of the names listed by the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]] as alternate names of Satanael actually refer to distinct beings (see [[Satanael#False distinctions\|"False distinctions"]] earlier in this article). Some Satanists also conflate Satanael with other beings such as [[Samael]] or [[Ahriman]] (see [[Satanael#False conflations\|"False conflations"]] earlier in this article).

			==== Biblical inspiration ====
			Even though the [[Satanic religions]] are not [[Abrahamic religions]] and do not use the [[Bible]] as scripture, many Satanic understandings of Satanael are influenced by reinterpretation of certain biblical and [[Parabiblical literature\|apocryphal]] stories about Satanael. For example, the Genesis story of Satanael as the serpent in [[Eden]] who counseled Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit has inspired many Satanists to view him as an enlightener who helps humans gain knowledge without being limited to what a higher authority approves of them learning. The fallen-angel interpretation of Satanael is also largely based on the Bible, specifically Isaiah 14:12, Ezekiel 28:13-17, Luke 10:18, and Revelation 12:9.

			==== As a rebel angel ====
			Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible\|biblical]] theology and cosmology. They view Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but usually reject the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act. {{Plcs}}

			==== As creator ====
			Some Satanists even believe that Satan is the true creator of the universe, and that Yahweh does not really exist, but was fabricated by humans desiring control over others.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref>

	==== In opposition to Yahweh ====		==== In opposition to Yahweh ====

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	== In Satanism and occultism ==		== In Satanism and occultism ==
	Satanael holds great significance to many modern occultists and is the primary deity of the [[theistic Satanism\|theistic Satanic religions]]. He is also prominently used as a symbol by multiple [[atheistic]] quasi-religious movements, collectively referred to as [[atheistic satanism]]. While [[Satano-Grigorists]] generally assert that Satanism proper only includes the theistic Satanic traditions, scholars of religion usually consider modern Satanism to be a diverse category that includes both [[theistic]] and atheistic currents.<ref>Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “Satanic Attitudes,” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197, [https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Oxford Academic].</ref><ref name="Satanism-Tensions">Jesper Aagaard Petersen, “Modern Religious Satanism: A Negotiation of Tensions,” in ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements'', vol. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 441–454.</ref>		Satanael holds great significance to many modern occultists and is the primary deity of the [[theistic Satanism\|theistic Satanic religions]]. He is also prominently used as a symbol by multiple [[atheistic]] quasi-religious movements, collectively referred to as [[atheistic satanism]]. While [[Satano-Grigorists]] generally assert that Satanism proper only includes the theistic Satanic traditions, scholars of religion usually consider modern Satanism to be a diverse category that includes both [[theistic]] and atheistic currents.<ref name="Satanic-Attitudes">Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “Satanic Attitudes,” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197, [https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Oxford Academic].</ref><ref name="Satanism-Tensions">Jesper Aagaard Petersen, “Modern Religious Satanism: A Negotiation of Tensions,” in ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements'', vol. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 441–454.</ref>

	=== Atheistic satanism ===		=== Atheistic satanism ===
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	=== Theistic Satanism ===		=== Theistic Satanism ===
	{{Main\|Theistic Satanism}}		{{Main\|Theistic Satanism}}
	[[Theistic Satanism]] is an umbrella term for a group of [[theistic]] religions that believe in ~~and worship~~ Satanael as a real being, ~~most commonly calling~~ him Satan or Lucifer. [[Satano-Grigorism]] is one of many theistic Satanic religions. Various theistic Satanic religions differ on theology, nomenclature, and cosmology, including their beliefs on the nature of Satanael. Some forms of theistic Satanism consider the names of Satanael listed elsewhere on this page to be distinct beings, or conflate Satanael with other beings such as [[Samael]] or [[Ahriman]]. ~~Many~~ of the ~~Satano-Grigorist positions on Satanael~~'s identity and ~~nature are contested~~ by ~~other Satanists~~, and ~~many ideas common~~ in ~~other forms~~ of theistic Satanism are ~~contested~~ by ~~Satano~~-~~Grigorists~~.		[[Theistic Satanism]] is an umbrella term for a group of [[theistic]] religions that believe in Satanael as a real being, consider him worthy of veneration or [[worship]], and revere him actively.<ref>Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “[https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Satanic Attitudes],” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197.</ref> Most theistic Satanists refer to their deity as Satan or Lucifer. [[Satano-Grigorism]] is one of many theistic Satanic religions.

			Various theistic Satanic religions differ on theology, nomenclature, and cosmology, including their beliefs on the nature and identity of Satanael. Some forms of theistic Satanism consider the names of Satanael listed elsewhere on this page to be distinct beings, or conflate Satanael with other beings such as [[Samael]] or [[Ahriman]]. Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible\|biblical]] theology and cosmology, viewing Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but rejecting the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act. Others do not accept this framework, instead viewing him as an independently existing being who was not created by Yahweh, but opposes tyrants such as Yahweh. Some Satanists even believe that Satan is the true creator of the universe, and that Yahweh does not really exist, but was fabricated by humans desiring control over others.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref> The story of the serpent in Eden inspires many Satanists to view Satan as a teacher and enlightener who helps humans gain understanding and freedom without being limited to what is approved of by a higher authority.

			Some Satanic traditions are heavily influenced by paganism, and this manifests itself in various diverse ways.<ref>Ethan Doyle White, “Between the Devil and the Old Gods,” ''Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review'' 9, no. 2 (2018): 141–164, doi:10.5840/asrr201810950.</ref> The [[Temple of Set]], a theistic Satanist organization that splintered from the [[Church of Satan]] in 1975 due to disagreement with the atheistic nature of LaVeyanism, identifies Satan with the ancient Egyptian god Set. Its founder, Michael Aquino, asserted that Satan is a real being but that his true identity is that of Set.<ref>Cimminne Holt, “Michael Aquino (Temple of Set), ''The Book of Coming Forth by Night'' (1975),” in Per Faxneld and Johan Nilsson, eds., ''Satanism: A Reader'' (Oxford University Press, 2023), pp. 237–251.</ref>

			The polytheistic Church of Azazel, founded by well-respected Satanist author Diane Vera, identifies Satan with Azazel and does not syncretize him with any pagan gods. However, in addition to Azazel, it worships five "Rising Gods of the Modern West," who are named as [[Lilith]], [[Prometheus]], Ishtar, Pan, and Lucifer-of-Sophia.<ref name="CoA-Rising-Gods">Diane Vera, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20231228055903/http://theisticsatanism.com/CoAz/belief/risingGods.html Our Five Rising Gods of the Modern West],” ''Church of Azazel'', archived December 28, 2023, via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.</ref> Prometheus, Ishtar, and Pan are pagan deities. This is an example of a Satanic religion that expresses pagan influence through polytheistic worship rather than syncretism of Satanael with pagan deities.

			Joy of Satan Ministries, which has now renamed itself to the Temple of Zeus, presents its faith as a continuation of ancient pagan religions and identifies Satan with the Mesopotamian god Enki and the Hellenic god Zeus.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/Welcome.html Welcome],” explaining that Satan is a real being and presenting its faith as a restoration of an ancient pagan religion.</ref> While Joy of Satan members are Satanists and their theology is indeed an example of pagan influence in modern theistic Satanism, it is worth noting that they are criticized by many other Satanists for their known association with neo-Nazism and the presence of antisemitic "ancient Jewish aliens" theories in their ideology.

	=== Luciferianism ===		=== Luciferianism ===

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	=== Satanism and occultism ===		=== Satanism and occultism ===
	Satanael ~~has~~ great significance ~~in the religious traditions of~~ many modern occultists and is the primary deity of the [[theistic Satanism\|theistic Satanic religions]]. He is also prominently used as a symbol by multiple [[atheistic]] quasi-religious movements, collectively referred to as [[atheistic satanism]]. While [[Satano-Grigorists]] generally assert that Satanism proper only includes the theistic Satanic traditions, scholars of religion usually consider modern Satanism to be a diverse category that includes both [[theistic]] and atheistic currents.<ref name="Satanism-Tensions">Jesper Aagaard Petersen, “Modern Religious Satanism: A Negotiation of Tensions,” in ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements'', vol. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 441–454.</ref>		Satanael holds great significance to many modern occultists and is the primary deity of the [[theistic Satanism\|theistic Satanic religions]]. He is also prominently used as a symbol by multiple [[atheistic]] quasi-religious movements, collectively referred to as [[atheistic satanism]]. While [[Satano-Grigorists]] generally assert that Satanism proper only includes the theistic Satanic traditions, scholars of religion usually consider modern Satanism to be a diverse category that includes both [[theistic]] and atheistic currents.<ref>Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “Satanic Attitudes,” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197, [https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Oxford Academic].</ref><ref name="Satanism-Tensions">Jesper Aagaard Petersen, “Modern Religious Satanism: A Negotiation of Tensions,” in ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements'', vol. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 441–454.</ref>

	==== Atheistic satanism ====		==== Atheistic satanism ====
	{{Main\|Atheistic satanism}}		{{Main\|Atheistic satanism}}
	[[Atheistic satanists]], also called '''atheosatanists''', '''nontheistic satanists''', or '''symbolic satanists''', do not believe in the literal existence of Satan (i.e. Satanael) as a real being. They instead use him as a symbol and figurehead of their values, and they admire what he represents as a fictional literary figure. The values that Satan represents in atheistic satanism include individualism, self-indulgence, rationalism, rebelliousness, and opposition to authority they perceive as unjust or excessively controlling.<ref name="Satanism-Tensions" /> The [[Church of Satan]], the first major atheistic satanist organization, explains that Satan symbolizes pride, freedom, indulgence, and individualism and that they do not believe in him as a spiritual being; in fact, they explicitly deny that any gods exist.<ref>Church of Satan, “F.A.Q. Fundamental Beliefs.”</ref> [[The Satanic Temple]], another major atheistic satanist organization, likewise regards Satan as a literary figure who represents rebellion against tyrannical authorities, although their values somewhat differ from those of the Church of Satan in being more justice-focused and less self-focused.<ref>The Satanic Temple, “Frequently Asked Questions.”</ref>		[[Atheistic satanists]], also called '''atheosatanists''', '''nontheistic satanists''', or '''symbolic satanists''', do not believe in the literal existence of Satan (i.e. Satanael) as a real being. They instead use him as a symbol and figurehead of their values, and they admire what he represents as a fictional literary figure. The values that Satan represents in atheistic satanism include individualism, self-indulgence, rationalism, rebelliousness, and opposition to authority they perceive as unjust or excessively controlling.<ref name="Satanism-Tensions" /> The [[Church of Satan]], the first major atheistic satanist organization, explains that Satan symbolizes pride, freedom, indulgence, and individualism and that they do not believe in him as a spiritual being; in fact, they explicitly deny that any gods exist.<ref>[https://churchofsatan.com/faq-fundamental-beliefs/ Church of Satan, “F.A.Q. Fundamental Beliefs.”]</ref> [[The Satanic Temple]], another major atheistic satanist organization, likewise regards Satan as a literary figure who represents rebellion against tyrannical authorities, although their values somewhat differ from those of the Church of Satan in being more justice-focused and less self-focused.<ref>[https://thesatanictemple.com/pages/faq The Satanic Temple, “Frequently Asked Questions.”]</ref>

	==== Theistic ~~satanism~~ ====		==== Theistic Satanism ====
	{{~~Empty section~~}}		{{Main\|Theistic Satanism}}
			[[Theistic Satanism]] is an umbrella term for a group of [[theistic]] religions that believe in and worship Satanael as a real being, most commonly calling him Satan or Lucifer. [[Satano-Grigorism]] is one of many theistic Satanic religions. Various theistic Satanic religions differ on theology, nomenclature, and cosmology, including their beliefs on the nature of Satanael. Some forms of theistic Satanism consider the names of Satanael listed elsewhere on this page to be distinct beings, or conflate Satanael with other beings such as [[Samael]] or [[Ahriman]]. Many of the Satano-Grigorist positions on Satanael's identity and nature are contested by other Satanists, and many ideas common in other forms of theistic Satanism are contested by Satano-Grigorists.

			==== Luciferianism ====
			One subset of theistic Satanism, called [[Luciferianism]], warrants special mention because of its particular use of the name Lucifer and its unique set of common beliefs, as well as its debated classification. Satano-Grigorists generally classify Luciferianism as a subset of theistic Satanism, but not all Luciferians agree with this. Some say that Luciferianism is not Satanism, but is better classified as a Satanism-adjacent religion along with [[demonolatry]]. Others agree with the technical classification of Luciferianism as a form of theistic Satanism, but still prefer to call themselves Luciferians rather than Satanists to more precisely reflect their beliefs.<ref name="Luciferian-Witchcraft">Fredrik Gregorius, “Luciferian Witchcraft: At the Crossroads between Paganism and Satanism,” in Per Faxneld and Jesper Aa. Petersen, eds., ''The Devil's Party: Satanism in Modernity'' (Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 229–249, [https://academic.oup.com/book/11601/chapter-abstract/160465083 Oxford Academic].</ref>

			The Luciferian characterization of their deity is rather distinctive. Luciferians themselves are internally divided on the question of whether Lucifer and Satan are the same being. Many Luciferian traditions are significantly influenced by [[paganism]], while others are heavily influenced by [[gnosticism]], so perceptions of Lucifer can vary.<ref>Ethan Doyle White, “[https://correspondencesjournal.com/11304-2/ An Elusive Roebuck: Luciferianism and Paganism in Robert Cochrane’s Witchcraft],” ''Correspondences'' 1, no. 1 (2013): 75–101.</ref> A common thread, however, is the idea that Lucifer is associated with liberation, enlightenment, knowledge, and the "awakening" of the human mind.<ref>Assembly of Light Bearers, “[https://www.assemblyoflightbearers.org/luciferian-11-points-of-power Luciferian 11 Points of Power].”</ref><ref name="Luciferian-Witchcraft" /> Those who distinguish Lucifer and Satan tend to reserve these associations for Lucifer; they then ascribe to Satan the domain of carnal indulgences, earthly pleasures, and sometimes even destruction or pure adversarial nature.<ref>Assembly of Light Bearers, “[https://www.assemblyoflightbearers.org/faq FAQ],” distinguishing Lucifer as representing freedom-bearing knowledge from Satan as representing adversarial and destructive principles.</ref> Others do not distinguish the two and regard them as different aspects or names of the same being, similar to the Satano-Grigorist interpretation.

			In some Luciferian traditions, Lucifer is a fallen angel who was created by [[Yahweh]] and rebelled against him to liberate himself and, often, to liberate humanity. The story of the serpent of Eden counseling Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit of knowledge is prominent in Luciferianism, since most Luciferians identify the serpent either allegorically or literally with Lucifer; the forbidden fruit is believed to represent gnosis, enlightenment, or free will that Yahweh would have withheld from mankind.<ref>Assembly of Light Bearers, “[https://www.assemblyoflightbearers.org/luciferian-philosophy/what-is-a-luciferian/what-is-a-luciferian/what-is-a-luciferian What Is a Luciferian?].”</ref> Gnostic Luciferian traditions view Lucifer as an enlightening savior figure, either independent or emanated by a benevolent higher being, to foil the material entrapment and oppression of the wicked demiurge, who is usually identified as [[Yahweh]].<ref>Stephen E. Flowers, ''[https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Fraternitas-Saturni/Stephen-E-Flowers/9781620557228 The Fraternitas Saturni: History, Doctrine, and Rituals of the Magical Order of the Brotherhood of Saturn]'', 5th ed., rev. and exp. (Inner Traditions, 2018), chap. 2, “The Luciferian Principle.” Flowers calls the Lucifer of Fraternitas Saturni the Light-Bearer and savior of humanity, and discusses the group's Ophite Gnostic interpretation of Lucifer.</ref> Luciferians whose beliefs are prominently influenced by [[paganism]] may identify Lucifer with the ancient Greek god Prometheus, known for disobeying Zeus to stealthily bring the gift of fire to mankind. Alternatively, they may assert that Lucifer was a Roman deity associated with enlightenment and the morning star before [[Christianity]] demonized him and conflated him with Satan.<ref>Michael A. Aquino, “[https://arcane-archive.org/religion/satanism/temple-of-set/luciferian-1.php Luciferian????],” message posted to ''alt.satanism'', June 10, 1994, archived by ''The Arcane Archive''. Aquino says that “Lucifer was originally a Roman god” who was later conflated with Satan.</ref><ref>Gryphon, “[https://galahaderidanus.substack.com/p/lucifer Lucifer],” ''Apokalypsium'', calling Lucifer an “original Roman god” who corresponds to, or is equivalent to, the Greek god Phosphoros.</ref>

	==== Other forms of occultism ====		==== Other forms of occultism ====
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	== Textual references ==		== Textual references ==
	{{Empty section\|This section will be filled with selected references to Satanael in the [[Bible]], [[parabiblical literature]], and Satano-Grigorist literature.}}		{{Empty section\|This section will be filled with selected references to Satanael from the [[Bible]], [[parabiblical literature]], and Satano-Grigorist literature.}}

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Archivist at 20:21, 7 September 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 7 September 2026
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	=== Satanism and occultism ===		=== Satanism and occultism ===
			Satanael has great significance in the religious traditions of many modern occultists and is the primary deity of the [[theistic Satanism\|theistic Satanic religions]]. He is also prominently used as a symbol by multiple [[atheistic]] quasi-religious movements, collectively referred to as [[atheistic satanism]]. While [[Satano-Grigorists]] generally assert that Satanism proper only includes the theistic Satanic traditions, scholars of religion usually consider modern Satanism to be a diverse category that includes both [[theistic]] and atheistic currents.<ref name="Satanism-Tensions">Jesper Aagaard Petersen, “Modern Religious Satanism: A Negotiation of Tensions,” in ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements'', vol. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 441–454.</ref>

			==== Atheistic satanism ====
			{{Main\|Atheistic satanism}}
			[[Atheistic satanists]], also called '''atheosatanists''', '''nontheistic satanists''', or '''symbolic satanists''', do not believe in the literal existence of Satan (i.e. Satanael) as a real being. They instead use him as a symbol and figurehead of their values, and they admire what he represents as a fictional literary figure. The values that Satan represents in atheistic satanism include individualism, self-indulgence, rationalism, rebelliousness, and opposition to authority they perceive as unjust or excessively controlling.<ref name="Satanism-Tensions" /> The [[Church of Satan]], the first major atheistic satanist organization, explains that Satan symbolizes pride, freedom, indulgence, and individualism and that they do not believe in him as a spiritual being; in fact, they explicitly deny that any gods exist.<ref>Church of Satan, “F.A.Q. Fundamental Beliefs.”</ref> [[The Satanic Temple]], another major atheistic satanist organization, likewise regards Satan as a literary figure who represents rebellion against tyrannical authorities, although their values somewhat differ from those of the Church of Satan in being more justice-focused and less self-focused.<ref>The Satanic Temple, “Frequently Asked Questions.”</ref>

			==== Theistic satanism ====
			{{Empty section}}

			==== Other forms of occultism ====
	{{Empty section}}		{{Empty section}}

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Yahwism

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	Later Jewish mysticism, including Kabbalistic currents, present Satan or Samael as a major force of the ''Sitra Achra'' ("Other Side"), which is the realm of evil and darkness that exists as the opposite to the Kedusha, the realm of holiness and light. In this tradition, he is also frequently associated with the serpent in Eden, the ''yetzer hara'', and the Angel of Death.<ref>“[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13055-samael Samael],” ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906).</ref>		Later Jewish mysticism, including Kabbalistic currents, present Satan or Samael as a major force of the ''Sitra Achra'' ("Other Side"), which is the realm of evil and darkness that exists as the opposite to the Kedusha, the realm of holiness and light. In this tradition, he is also frequently associated with the serpent in Eden, the ''yetzer hara'', and the Angel of Death.<ref>“[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13055-samael Samael],” ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906).</ref>

			==== Christianity ====
			In [[Christianity]], Satanael (usually called Satan) is the primary adversary of Yahweh, a being who truly opposes Yahweh and attempts to act against his will and lead his followers astray. He is generally viewed as a [[fallen angel]] who rebelled because he had too much pride in himself, which is considered a [[sin]] in Christianity. In the New Testament, "Satan" is generally used as a proper noun, a name for a specific being, rather than a common noun. The Greek word ''diabolos'', "the devil," is also used to refer to him.

			The New Testament of the [[Bible]] consistently presents Satan as an enemy of Jesus and his followers. In one story, he tempts Jesus in a desert and tries to persuade him to abandon [[Yahweh]], although he is ultimately unsuccessful at this.<ref>Matthew 4:1–11; Mark 1:12–13; Luke 4:1–13 (LEB).</ref> The Bible also gives a certain level of authority to this Satan, calling him "the ruler of this world," "the god of this age," and other regal titles.<ref>John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; 2 Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 2:2; 1 Thessalonians 3:5 (LEB).</ref> This presentation is related to the Christian idea that the world is corrupt and sinful, such that a Christian must escape the temptations and traps of the physical world in order to reach [[heaven]]. In the Book of Revelation, Satan is equated with the "great dragon" and the "ancient serpent," suggesting identification with the serpent of Eden.<ref>Revelation 12:9; 20:2 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+12%3A9%3B+20%3A2&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref>

			The Christian idea that Satan is a fallen angel is mostly based on Isaiah 14:12 and Luke 10:18. The Hebrew text mentions ''Helel ben Shachar'' ("Helel, son of the dawn") while criticizing or mocking a king of Babylon, comparing his fall from glory to the fall of Helel. Christians identify this as a reference to the Devil by drawing a connection to Luke 10:18, in which Jesus says that he "saw Satan fall from heaven like lightning."<ref>Luke 10:18 (LEB).</ref> The first complete Latin translation of the Bible, known as the Vulgate Bible, mistranslated the name ''Helel'', which should have been left untranslated. It used the Latin word ''lucifer'', literally meaning "light-bearer," which in Roman literature was the name for a poetic personification of the morning star. Because of this early mistranslation, ''Lucifer'' eventually became known as the Devil's proper name, even though Helel would be more accurate.<ref>Isaiah 14:12–15 (LEB).</ref> Satano-Grigorism agrees that Helel is Satanael, but regards ''Lucifer'' as an imprecise mistranslation of the name Helel.

	=== Satanism and occultism ===		=== Satanism and occultism ===