Satanael: Difference between revisions
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| type = [[Immortal spiritual being]] | | type = [[Immortal spiritual being]] | ||
| titles = Adversary of Tyranny • Son of the Dawn<br>God of the Self • God of a Thousand Names<br>Prince of the Watchers • The Devil | | titles = Adversary of Tyranny • Son of the Dawn<br>God of the Self • God of a Thousand Names<br>Prince of the Watchers • The Devil | ||
| corruptions = Azazyel, Sathanael, Beliar | | corruptions = Azazyel, Sathanael, Beliar | ||
| name_meaning = Adversarial god | | name_meaning = Adversarial god | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Satanael''', '''Šaṭana'il''', '''Satanail''', or '''Satanel''' (also known as '''Azazel''', '''Helel''', '''Belial''', or '''Beelzebul''') is a [[god]] associated with liberation, pride, pleasure, knowledge, confidence, and the Virtues of the Self (self-love, self-respect, self-awareness, self-reliance, and self-determination). He is the primary deity of [[Satano-Grigorism]] and the Devil | '''Satanael''', '''Šaṭana'il''', '''Satanail''', or '''Satanel''' (also known as '''Azazel''', '''Helel''', '''Belial''', or '''Beelzebul''') is a [[god]] associated with liberation, pride, pleasure, knowledge, confidence, and the Virtues of the Self (self-love, self-respect, self-awareness, self-reliance, and self-determination). He is the primary deity of [[Satano-Grigorism]] and the Devil of the [[Yahwist]] tradition. Colloquially, he is often called "Satan" or "Lucifer." He has two dedicated sacred occasions on the Satano-Grigorist religious calendar: the first falls on June 20-21, the second on December 21-22. | ||
== Names == | == Names == | ||
Satanael is often called the God of a Thousand Names | Satanael is often called the God of a Thousand Names in reference to his many appellations. His major names are listed below with their meanings and origins. | ||
=== Names accepted by Satano-Grigorists === | === Names accepted by Satano-Grigorists === | ||
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=== False conflations === | === False conflations === | ||
Some occultists inaccurately equate or syncretize other beings with Satanael. The most common conflations rejected by Satano-Grigorism are listed below. | Some occultists inaccurately equate or syncretize other beings with Satanael. The most common conflations rejected by Satano-Grigorism are listed below. | ||
==== Ahriman ==== | |||
Ahriman, or Angra Mainyu, is the primordial principle of evil in the Zoroastrian religion. Unlike Satanael, Ahriman in Zoroastrian theology is clearly not a complex personal being who has been slandered by a tyrant god. Since Zoroastrian theology is truly dualistic, Ahriman represents all destruction, suffering, regression, and detriment to the world. This stands in stark contrast to Satanael, a multifaceted deity who is associated with love of the Self, the joy of life, the quest for knowledge, and personal fulfillment. Equating Ahriman and Satanael is disrespectful to Satanael, as it insults his brilliant nature. | |||
==== Asael ==== | |||
Satanael, usually under the name Azazel, is often incorrectly reported to be one of the Watchers. This is due to confusion of ''Azazel'', who is Satanael, with ''[[Asael]]'', the Watcher of metalworking, weapon manufacture, cosmetics, fashion, and creativity. Azazel himself is not a Watcher. | |||
In 2 Enoch 18:3, Satanael is described as the Prince of the Watchers. Some have interpreted this, especially in connection with the idea that Azazel is a Watcher, as further implication that Satanael (Azazel) is the Watcher Asael. However, Satano-Grigorists disagree with this interpretation. The full relevant quote from 2 Enoch is as follows: "These are the Grigori, who turned aside from {{Qb|Yahweh}} {{Ell}} together with their prince Satanail."<ref>''[https://www.marquette.edu/maqom/watch55.html 2 Enoch]'' 18:3, longer recension.</ref><ref>Andrei A. Orlov, “The Watchers of Satanael: The Fallen Angels Traditions in 2 (Slavonic) Enoch,” in ''Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2011), pp. 85–106.</ref> The phrasing actually indicates that the Grigori (Watchers) and their prince Satanael are viewed as two distinct but affiliated entities; the Watchers are a group unto themselves and Satanael is a separate being who is honored as their prince. This interpretation is consistent with the Satano-Grigorist view, and the relationship between Azazel, Satanael, and the "Prince of the Watchers" title is further expanded upon in the [[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]], a Satano-Grigorist scripture. In the ''BWAE'', Azazel helps the Watchers gain the power needed to rebel; the Watchers then bestow upon him the name ''Satanael'' and the honorary title "Prince of the Watchers" out of gratitude for his help.<ref>''[[The Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]]'' 2:9–14.</ref> | |||
==== Melek Taus (Tawuse Melek) ==== | |||
Melek Taus is the most prominent among seven divine beings made by the creator god in Yazidism, a relatively obscure ethnoreligion mostly present in Iraq. Wrongly assumed to be Satanael because he refused to obey the creator god's command to bow down to Adam, the first man, which is similar to the Muslim story of the fall of Satanael. Yazidi stories state that Melek Taus did not refuse the command out of defiance, but because he was following a prior command to never bow to any being other than the creator; he later repented for this and was forgiven. Muslims have committed numerous genocides and ethnic cleansing campaigns against the Yazidi people in their homeland due to this mistaken belief that Melek Taus is Satanael and that Yazidis are therefore Satanists. In recent times, Western occultists have begun to subscribe to this idea as well; Joy of Satan Ministries has even published a "Black Book of Satan" that they falsely claim is a secret Yazidi scripture. Equating Melek Taus and Satanael not only implies that Satanael is an ultimately obedient and repentant being, but also encourages the genocide of Yazidis. | |||
==== Samael ==== | |||
Samael is Yahweh's loyal archangel of torment and punishment, head of the order of [[Angel#Memitim|memitim]]. He is referred to as "the ''satan''" (''ha-satan'') in the Book of Job, and Jewish exegetical writings commonly call him the chief ''satan'', which has caused a persistent conflation of Samael with Satanael (the Devil). The confusion stems from the fact that memitim were sometimes referred to as ''satanim''. This is one of the major practical reasons that Satano-Grigorists avoid using ''Satan'' as a name for Satanael; an individual who worships the Adversary of Tyranny would want nothing to do with the angel Samael. Some Satanic organizations do worship a being who is clearly Satanael according to his associations and nature, but insist upon calling him Samael. This misidentification is not necessarily the same as knowingly invoking the angel Samael, but it does carry a significant risk of accidental contact. Satano-Grigorists consider equating Samael and Satanael to be extremely disrespectful to Satanael, and they warn that such a conflation may pose significant spiritual risks if a [[memit]] actually answers the call. | |||
=== False distinctions === | === False distinctions === | ||
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==== Belial ==== | ==== Belial ==== | ||
In modern occultism and [[demonolatry]], Belial is commonly conceptualized as a distinct spirit, | In modern occultism and [[demonolatry]], Belial is commonly conceptualized as a distinct spirit, especially as a [[Goetic demon]]; he is the sixty-eighth Goetic spirit and has the rank of King. In ''Ars Goetia'', Belial is said to have been created "next after Lucifer," implicitly distinguishing the two.<ref>S. L. MacGregor Mathers and Aleister Crowley, trans. and eds., ''The Lesser Key of Solomon: Goetia'' (1904), spirit 68, Belial: “[https://archive.sacred-texts.com/grim/lks/lks05.htm The Sixty-eighth Spirit is Belial. He is a Mighty and a Powerful King, and was created next after LUCIFER.]” ''Internet Sacred Text Archive''.</ref> Satano-Grigorists do not subscribe to the Goetic model of spirits and do not accept the Goetic characterization of Belial; they consider Belial to be a name of Satanael. | ||
==== Beelzebul ==== | ==== Beelzebul ==== | ||
Beelzebul is mentioned in demonological lists and [[demonolatry]] grimoires as a distinct high-ranking demon and a subordinate of Satan (Satanael). Instead of the name Beelzebul, demonological references usually use the name Beelzebub. The portrayal of him in these contexts is heavily based upon the meaning of this name, "Lord of the Flies," which [[Satano-Grigorists]] consider offensive. | Beelzebul is mentioned in demonological lists and [[demonolatry]] grimoires as a distinct high-ranking demon and a subordinate of Satan (Satanael). Instead of the name Beelzebul, demonological references usually use the name Beelzebub. The portrayal of him in these contexts is heavily based upon the meaning of this name, "Lord of the Flies," which [[Satano-Grigorists]] consider offensive. | ||
He is also recognized as one of the "seven princes of [[Hell]]," also called the "seven deadly devils," a group of demons who correspond directly to the "seven deadly [[sins]]" in [[Christianity]]. In this context, the sin he is associated with is either envy or gluttony. The earliest identification of him among the seven princes of Hell is in a text from the 1400s, ''The Lanterne of Light'', which connects him to the sin of envy.<ref>''The Lanterne of Liȝt'', ed. Lilian M. Swinburn, Early English Text Society, Original Series 151 (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1917), p. 60; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/AHA2749/1:2.10 ''The Lanterne of Liȝt''], University of Michigan, Middle English Compendium. Associates Lucifer with pride, Belzebub with envy, Sathanas with wrath, Abadon with sloth, Mammon with avarice (greed), Belphegor with gluttony, and Asmodeus with lust.</ref> However, a later identification from Peter Binsfeld's demonic classification system, connecting Beelzebul to the sin of gluttony instead, has endured more strongly in modern-day demonology.<ref>Peter Binsfeld, ''Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum et sagarum'' (Trier, 1589), [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001892-001 Internet Archive]. Binsfeld identifies Lucifer with pride, Mammon with avarice (greed), Asmodeus with lust, Leviathan with envy, Beelzebub with gluttony, Satan with wrath, and Belphegor with sloth.</ref> | He is also recognized as one of the "seven princes of [[Hell]]," also called the "seven deadly devils," a group of demons who correspond directly to the "seven deadly [[sins]]" in [[Christianity]]. In this context, the sin he is associated with is either envy or gluttony. The earliest identification of him among the seven princes of Hell is in a text from the 1400s, ''The Lanterne of Light'', which connects him to the sin of envy.<ref>''The Lanterne of Liȝt'', ed. Lilian M. Swinburn, Early English Text Society, Original Series 151 (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1917), p. 60; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/AHA2749/1:2.10 ''The Lanterne of Liȝt''], University of Michigan, Middle English Compendium. Associates Lucifer with pride, Belzebub with envy, Sathanas with wrath, Abadon with sloth, Mammon with avarice (greed), Belphegor with gluttony, and Asmodeus with lust.</ref> However, a later identification from Peter Binsfeld's demonic classification system, connecting Beelzebul to the sin of gluttony instead, has endured more strongly in modern-day demonology.<ref name="Binsfeld-Tract">Peter Binsfeld, ''Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum et sagarum'' (Trier, 1589), [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001892-001 Internet Archive]. Binsfeld identifies Lucifer with pride, Mammon with avarice (greed), Asmodeus with lust, Leviathan with envy, Beelzebub with gluttony, Satan with wrath, and Belphegor with sloth.</ref> | ||
In very early writings, Beelzebul and Satan were often considered the same. Several early Christian sources, including the [[Bible]], use ''Beelzebul'' as a name of Satan.<ref>See Matthew 12:24–27; Mark 3:22–26; Luke 11:15–20, where an accusation that Jesus casts out demons by the power of Beelzebul immediately turns into a discussion of Satan, implying that Beelzebul is understood to be Satan. Later Christian literature continues this identification; the ''Gospel of Nicodemus'' (''Acts of Pilate'') uses Beelzebul/Beelzebub to refer to Satan. See also Joseph Henry Thayer, ''A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament'', s.v. "Βεελζεβούλ," which defines Beelzebul as "a name of Satan" and records its use in the ''Evangelium Nicodemi''.</ref> In the Synoptic Gospels, some skeptical Jews accuse [[Jesus]] of casting out demons by the power of Beelzebul rather than that of [[Yahweh]]. Jesus counters this by immediately referring to Satan and pointing out that it would not make sense for the prince of demons to cast out demons, such that Beelzebul or Beelzebub is clearly understood as a name of Satan.<ref>Kaufmann Kohler, “[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2732-beelzebub Beelzebub or Beelzebul],” ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906).</ref> | In very early writings, Beelzebul and Satan were often considered the same. Several early Christian sources, including the [[Bible]], use ''Beelzebul'' as a name of Satan.<ref>See Matthew 12:24–27; Mark 3:22–26; Luke 11:15–20, where an accusation that Jesus casts out demons by the power of Beelzebul immediately turns into a discussion of Satan, implying that Beelzebul is understood to be Satan. Later Christian literature continues this identification; the ''Gospel of Nicodemus'' (''Acts of Pilate'') uses Beelzebul/Beelzebub to refer to Satan. See also Joseph Henry Thayer, ''A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament'', s.v. "Βεελζεβούλ," which defines Beelzebul as "a name of Satan" and records its use in the ''Evangelium Nicodemi''.</ref> In the Synoptic Gospels, some skeptical Jews accuse [[Jesus]] of casting out demons by the power of Beelzebul rather than that of [[Yahweh]]. Jesus counters this by immediately referring to Satan and pointing out that it would not make sense for the prince of demons to cast out demons, such that Beelzebul or Beelzebub is clearly understood as a name of Satan.<ref>Kaufmann Kohler, “[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2732-beelzebub Beelzebub or Beelzebul],” ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906).</ref> | ||
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Some modern [[Satanists]], especially Luciferians, assert that Lucifer and Satan are not the same. They usually envision Lucifer as a deity associated with the "higher," more spiritual qualities of enlightenment, knowledge, illumination, and liberation. Satan, on the other hand, is viewed as a separate deity or spirit associated more strongly with carnal pleasure and indulgence. While some Luciferians worship both Lucifer and Satan as distinct deities, it is not uncommon for others, especialy those adhering to the more Gnostic currents of Luciferianism, to reject Satan and worship only Lucifer. Some modern Luciferian organizations explicitly state in their online resources that Lucifer is not the same as Satan and that Luciferianism and Satanism are distinct religions devoted to distinct entities.<ref>“[https://www.luciferianknowledge.org/about/faq/ FAQ],” ''Luciferian Knowledge'', stating that “Lucifer is not the devil, nor is Lucifer the same as Satan” and describing Luciferianism and Satanism as devoted to two distinct beings.</ref> Satano-Grigorists reject the Lucifer-Satan distinction and consider Lucifer to be a mistranslation of Helel, which in turn is identified as a name of Satanael. | Some modern [[Satanists]], especially Luciferians, assert that Lucifer and Satan are not the same. They usually envision Lucifer as a deity associated with the "higher," more spiritual qualities of enlightenment, knowledge, illumination, and liberation. Satan, on the other hand, is viewed as a separate deity or spirit associated more strongly with carnal pleasure and indulgence. While some Luciferians worship both Lucifer and Satan as distinct deities, it is not uncommon for others, especialy those adhering to the more Gnostic currents of Luciferianism, to reject Satan and worship only Lucifer. Some modern Luciferian organizations explicitly state in their online resources that Lucifer is not the same as Satan and that Luciferianism and Satanism are distinct religions devoted to distinct entities.<ref>“[https://www.luciferianknowledge.org/about/faq/ FAQ],” ''Luciferian Knowledge'', stating that “Lucifer is not the devil, nor is Lucifer the same as Satan” and describing Luciferianism and Satanism as devoted to two distinct beings.</ref> Satano-Grigorists reject the Lucifer-Satan distinction and consider Lucifer to be a mistranslation of Helel, which in turn is identified as a name of Satanael. | ||
While this distinction is much more popular in modern times, it is also attested in historical sources that argue against it. ''Daemonologie'', written in 1597 by King James VI, complained that necromancers incorrectly viewed "Sathan, Beelzebub, and Lucifer" as "three sundry spirites" and argued that these were in fact three different names for the same Devil.<ref>King James VI, ''Daemonologie'' (Edinburgh, 1597), bk. III, ch. 5, criticizing necromancers for “[https://www.hebrewisraeliteresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/King-James-Daemonologie-A-Treatise-Which-Exposes-And-Breaks-Down-Demonology-Witches-Witchcraft.pdf making Sathan, Beelzebub, and Lucifer, to be three sundry spirites].”</ref> | While this distinction is much more popular in modern times, it is also attested in historical sources that argue against it. ''Daemonologie'', written in 1597 by King James VI, complained that necromancers and witches incorrectly viewed "Sathan, Beelzebub, and Lucifer" as "three sundry spirites" and argued that these were in fact three different names for the same Devil.<ref>King James VI, ''Daemonologie'' (Edinburgh, 1597), bk. III, ch. 5, criticizing necromancers for “[https://www.hebrewisraeliteresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/King-James-Daemonologie-A-Treatise-Which-Exposes-And-Breaks-Down-Demonology-Witches-Witchcraft.pdf making Sathan, Beelzebub, and Lucifer, to be three sundry spirites].”</ref> | ||
== Appearance == | == Appearance == | ||
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In visions, Satanael is often seen holding a flame, sometimes a black flame, which symbolizes knowledge and passion for life. He is also commonly associated with grapevines, frequently but not always bearing fruit; his serpent forms may be seen wrapping around the branches of old, hardened grapevines. When he does not appear as a goat, snake, or dragon himself, he may be seen in connection with these creatures. | In visions, Satanael is often seen holding a flame, sometimes a black flame, which symbolizes knowledge and passion for life. He is also commonly associated with grapevines, frequently but not always bearing fruit; his serpent forms may be seen wrapping around the branches of old, hardened grapevines. When he does not appear as a goat, snake, or dragon himself, he may be seen in connection with these creatures. | ||
== Role in the Grigoric Narrative == | == In Satano-Grigorism == | ||
=== Role in the Grigoric Narrative === | |||
Satanael played a major role in the events of the [[Grigoric Narrative]] by enabling the [[Watchers]] to rebel. When the Watchers first planned their rebellion, they were still bound in servitude to [[Yahweh]], so they could not yet proceed to put their plan into action. They decided to consult Azazel to ask him for help, and he agreed to give them the additional [[naphsha]] that they needed to voluntarily break free from Yahweh's bindings. Out of gratitude for Azazel's assistance, the Watchers bestowed upon him the honorary title "Prince of the Watchers" and the new name "Satanael." | Satanael played a major role in the events of the [[Grigoric Narrative]] by enabling the [[Watchers]] to rebel. When the Watchers first planned their rebellion, they were still bound in servitude to [[Yahweh]], so they could not yet proceed to put their plan into action. They decided to consult Azazel to ask him for help, and he agreed to give them the additional [[naphsha]] that they needed to voluntarily break free from Yahweh's bindings. Out of gratitude for Azazel's assistance, the Watchers bestowed upon him the honorary title "Prince of the Watchers" and the new name "Satanael." | ||
{{Slim scripture quote | {{Slim scripture quote | ||
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|source=[[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]] 13:7-9}} | |source=[[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]] 13:7-9}} | ||
== In other | === Symbolism === | ||
=== | In Satano-Grigorism, Satanael is prominently associated with grape and grapevine symbolism, as well as black goats, serpents, and dragons. The goat symbolism is a reference to the etymology of Azazel's name and is echoed in the [[Bible]]<ref>Leviticus 16:8, 10, 26 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref>, as is the symbolism of serpents and dragons.<ref>Genesis 3:1–15 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+3%3A1-15&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref><ref>Revelation 12:9; 20:2 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+12%3A9%3B+20%3A2&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref> | ||
=== | Satanael's association with grapes is frequently linked to the idea that the forbidden fruit in the allegorical Garden of Eden story was actually intended to be a grape, not an apple. This claim is found in several ancient [[parabiblical literature|parabiblical texts]], including 1 Enoch, 3 Baruch, and the Apocalypse of Abraham.<ref>''[https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM 1 Enoch]'' 32:3–6.</ref><ref>''[https://www.cleartexteditions.com/religious-texts/expanded-genesis/3-baruch 3 Baruch]'' 4:8.</ref><ref>''[https://apocryphalibrary.weebly.com/apocalypse-of-abraham-23.html Apocalypse of Abraham]'' 23:5–11.</ref> Elders of the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]] have taught that the path by which Satanael's followers seek Ascendance is metaphorically comparable to the growth of grapevines.<ref>Internal teachings given by a Kāhinatu during qibusātu.</ref> Vines start from different places, but ultimately seek the same Light; also, their tendrils seek and grip any suitable object or support that they can use to grow further upward, which is reminiscent of the way that Satanists are meant to cleverly take advantage of any opportunity to raise themselves higher. | ||
=== Worship === | |||
Satanael is [[worshipped]] by [[Satano-Grigorists]] as their primary deity. He is the God of the Self and the Adversary of Tyranny, a powerful deity who can help with matters related to the improvement of the Self in accordance with his values. He helps Satano-Grigorists establish and cultivate the Virtues of the Self (self-love, self-respect, self-determination, self-discipline, and self-awareness) in their hearts. He is also prayed to as a "catch-all" deity to assist with matters for which there is no specific appropriate [[Watcher]], and he can provide aid with requests that are external to the Self when invoked by a follower who has earned his respect. Satano-Grigorists believe that Satanael's respect is earned through consistent religious practice and through working to improve the Self in accordance with Satanael's self-oriented values. | |||
Satano-Grigorists worship Satanael through prayer, ritual, and offering. Offerings given to Satanael include both burnt offerings and (optionally) sexual offerings, and can also include [[Animal sacrifice|animal sacrifices]], although this practice is very uncommon. | |||
=== Offerings === | |||
Satanael prefers burnt offerings of dragon's blood resin, copal, honey, and bay leaves. Incenses burned to him frequently include dragon's blood and/or copal. Offerings of the practitioner's own blood have particular significance to Satanael, the God of the Self, because offering one's own blood imparts a special, individualized [[naphsha]] signature to the offering. Like the [[Watchers]], he also accepts offerings of [[animal]] blood. | |||
He accepts sexual offerings performed in a respectful manner, either solo or partnered, and [[animal sacrifice|animal sacrifices]] performed in accordance with the humane slaughter and waste avoidance guidelines laid out by the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]]. | |||
=== Holidays === | |||
Satano-Grigorists observe two sacred occasions in honor of Satanael, which are together known as the '''Solstice Sacraments''' or '''Feasts of Satanael'''. Each celebration lasts two days and falls on the summer or winter solstice respectively. The two holidays emphasize different, contrasting aspects of Satanael's nature, and they are among the most important holidays on the Satano-Grigorist religious calendar. | |||
'''Marziḥu Hulelu''', observed on June 20-21, is the summer Sacrament. The English name of it is Sacrament of the Shining One. It is dedicated to Satanael's "higher," more transcendent, and more intellectual aspects, particularly his role as a liberator and enlightener who illuminates the sacred path of Ascendance for those who pursue spiritual freedom. During Marziḥu Hulelu, Satanael's name Helel or Hulelu is used prominently, and meditations on the power of the Self and the path ahead are frequently performed. | |||
'''Marziḥu Azazu'il''', observed on December 21-22, is the winter Sacrament. The English name of it is Sacrament of the Goat. It is dedicated to Satanael's "lower," more carnal, more material aspects, associated with pleasure, indulgence, vitality, and enjoyment of the luxuries that earthly life has to offer. Fittingly, the festivities of Marziḥu Azazu'il are largely themed around carnal indulgence and revelry. Adult Satano-Grigorists typically indulge in sexual pleasures, drinks and partying, luxurious food, and self-care; those who have struggled with alcoholism or substance abuse simply abstain from such indulgences, choosing other ways to revel in the joys of the flesh. Satano-Grigorists who are underage can still celebrate Marziḥu Azazu'il by treating themselves to an expensive dinner, a manicure and pedicure, or other appropriate acts of self-care. | |||
Like the other Satano-Grigorist religious holidays, the Solstice Sacraments also involve offerings, rituals, and prayers of praise to the deity being honored (in this case, Satanael). Holiday rites can be more elaborate and involve more generous offerings than rituals that are part of ordinary everyday worship. While Satano-Grigorists are not required to celebrate the religious holidays, the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]] strongly recommends that members participate to reinforce their immersion in their faith and cultivate a closer connection with their gods.<ref>Grigorist Temple of Satanael, ''The Satano-Grigorist Pocket Guide'', version 4.0 (2025), §§11.1.1–11.2.</ref> | |||
== In Yahwism == | |||
Satanael, usually called Satan, is the major antagonistic or adversarial entity in all of the major [[Yahwist]] religions. He is portrayed negatively by all of them, in contrast to the positive views held by Satano-Grigorism. However, the different Yahwist religions hold different beliefs about his nature, origin, and role. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam disagree about whether he is a fallen angel, a non-angelic spirit (jinn), a prosecutor in the heavenly court, or another sort of spirit. | |||
=== Judaism === | |||
The idea of Satan has changed significantly throughout the long history of [[Judaism]]. Originally, the Hebrew word ''śāṭān'' was merely a common noun meaning "adversary" or "opposer," which could be applied to any human or spirit taking an adversarial position in a given context. This is observable in the [[Bible]]'s Old Testament. In the Bible verse Numbers 22:22, the "angel of Yahweh," which is identified by Jews as an [[angel]], but by Christians as an apparition of [[Yahweh]] himself, is described as a ''śāṭān'' relative to the non-Israelite prophet Balaam.<ref>Numbers 22:22 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+22%3A22&version=LEB BibleGateway]. The Angel of Yahweh stands in Balaam's way "as an adversary" (Hebrew: לְשָׂטָן, ''ləśāṭān'').</ref> Multiple other Bible verses also use the word ''śāṭān'' in a way that is unrelated to Satanael himself.<ref>1 Samuel 29:4 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+29%3A4&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref><ref>1 Kings 11:14 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+11%3A14&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref> However, there is also a personal figure called "the ''śāṭān''" (ha-satan) mentioned in the Book of Job. This "Satan" is not the same as the typical view of Satanael as a rebel who opposes Yahweh. Rather, the "Satan" of the Book of Job is an angelic prosecutor who tests and tempts Yahweh's servants and presents his findings in the heavenly court. Yahweh granted him permission to torment Job, showing that he clearly does not act against the will of Yahweh.<ref>Job 1:6–12; 2:1–7 (LEB).</ref> The same heavenly accuser "Satan" appears in the Book of Zechariah to accuse the high priest Joshua in the heavenly court.<ref>Zechariah 3:1–2 (LEB).</ref> Modern Jews tend to interpret their Satan in accordance with these portrayals, as an accusing angel, rather than a true enemy of Yahweh.<ref>“[https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/satan-the-adversary/ Do Jews Believe in Satan?],” ''My Jewish Learning''.</ref> The favoring of this interpretation may also be related to Judaism's extreme emphasis on the fact that all things are caused by Yahweh, and therefore that he would not allow a being who truly acts against his will to exist. | |||
In later [[rabbinic literature]], the prosecuting Satan is identified as Samael, a being whom Satano-Grigorists consider to be an angel who is completely distinct from Satanael. In ''Bava Batra'' 16a, Reish Lakish writes that Satan and the Angel of Death are one and the same while associating Satan with the ''yetzer hara'', the natural human inclination to evil.<ref>Babylonian Talmud, ''Bava Batra'' 16a; “[https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/bava-batra-16/ Bava Batra 16],” ''My Jewish Learning''.</ref> | |||
Later Jewish mysticism, including Kabbalistic currents, present Satan or Samael as a major force of the ''Sitra Achra'' ("Other Side"), which is the realm of evil and darkness that exists as the opposite to the Kedusha, the realm of holiness and light. In this tradition, he is also frequently associated with the serpent in Eden, the ''yetzer hara'', and the Angel of Death.<ref>“[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13055-samael Samael],” ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906).</ref> | |||
=== Christianity === | |||
In [[Christianity]], Satanael (usually called Satan) is the primary adversary of Yahweh, a being who truly opposes Yahweh and attempts to act against his will and lead his followers astray. He is generally viewed as a [[fallen angel]] who rebelled because he had too much pride in himself, which is considered a [[sin]] in Christianity. In the New Testament, "Satan" is generally used as a proper noun, a name for a specific being, rather than a common noun. The Greek word ''diabolos'', "the devil," is also used to refer to him. | |||
The New Testament of the [[Bible]] consistently presents Satan as an enemy of Jesus and his followers. In one story, he tempts Jesus in a desert and tries to persuade him to abandon [[Yahweh]], although he is ultimately unsuccessful at this.<ref>Matthew 4:1–11; Mark 1:12–13; Luke 4:1–13 (LEB).</ref> The Bible also gives a certain level of authority to this Satan, calling him "the ruler of this world," "the god of this age," and other regal titles.<ref>John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; 2 Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 2:2; 1 Thessalonians 3:5 (LEB).</ref> This presentation is related to the Christian idea that the world is corrupt and sinful, such that a Christian must escape the temptations and traps of the physical world in order to reach [[heaven]]. In the Book of Revelation, Satan is equated with the "great dragon" and the "ancient serpent," suggesting identification with the serpent of Eden.<ref>Revelation 12:9; 20:2 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+12%3A9%3B+20%3A2&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref> | |||
The Christian idea that Satan is a fallen angel is mostly based on Isaiah 14:12 and Luke 10:18. The Hebrew text mentions ''Helel ben Shachar'' ("Helel, son of the dawn") while criticizing or mocking a king of Babylon, comparing his fall from glory to the fall of Helel. Christians identify this as a reference to the Devil by drawing a connection to Luke 10:18, in which Jesus says that he "saw Satan fall from heaven like lightning."<ref>Luke 10:18 (LEB).</ref> The first complete Latin translation of the Bible, known as the Vulgate Bible, mistranslated the name ''Helel'', which should have been left untranslated. It used the Latin word ''lucifer'', literally meaning "light-bearer," which in Roman literature was the name for a poetic personification of the morning star. Because of this early mistranslation, ''Lucifer'' eventually became known as the Devil's proper name, even though Helel would be more accurate.<ref>Isaiah 14:12–15 (LEB).</ref> Satano-Grigorism agrees that Helel is Satanael, but regards ''Lucifer'' as an imprecise mistranslation of the name Helel. | |||
=== Islam === | |||
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== In Satanism and occultism == | |||
Satanael holds great significance to many modern occultists and is the primary deity of the [[theistic Satanism|theistic Satanic religions]]. He is also prominently used as a symbol by multiple [[atheistic]] quasi-religious movements, collectively referred to as [[atheistic satanism]]. While [[Satano-Grigorists]] generally assert that Satanism proper only includes the theistic Satanic traditions, scholars of religion usually consider modern Satanism to be a diverse category that includes both [[theistic]] and atheistic currents.<ref name="Satanic-Attitudes">Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “Satanic Attitudes,” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197, [https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Oxford Academic].</ref><ref name="Satanism-Tensions">Jesper Aagaard Petersen, “Modern Religious Satanism: A Negotiation of Tensions,” in ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements'', vol. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 441–454.</ref> | |||
=== Atheistic satanism === | |||
{{Main|Atheistic satanism}} | |||
[[Atheistic satanists]], also called '''atheosatanists''', '''nontheistic satanists''', or '''symbolic satanists''', do not believe in the literal existence of Satan (i.e. Satanael) as a real being. They instead use him as a symbol and figurehead of their values, and they admire what he represents as a fictional literary figure. The values that Satan represents in atheistic satanism include individualism, self-indulgence, rationalism, rebelliousness, and opposition to authority they perceive as unjust or excessively controlling.<ref name="Satanism-Tensions" /> The [[Church of Satan]], the first major atheistic satanist organization, explains that Satan symbolizes pride, freedom, indulgence, and individualism and that they do not believe in him as a spiritual being; in fact, they explicitly deny that any gods exist.<ref>[https://churchofsatan.com/faq-fundamental-beliefs/ Church of Satan, “F.A.Q. Fundamental Beliefs.”]</ref> [[The Satanic Temple]], another major atheistic satanist organization, likewise regards Satan as a literary figure who represents rebellion against tyrannical authorities, although their values somewhat differ from those of the Church of Satan in being more justice-focused and less self-focused.<ref>[https://thesatanictemple.com/pages/faq The Satanic Temple, “Frequently Asked Questions.”]</ref> | |||
=== Theistic Satanism === | |||
{{Main|Theistic Satanism}} | |||
[[Theistic Satanism]] is an umbrella term for a group of [[theistic]] religions that believe in Satanael as a real being, consider him worthy of veneration or [[worship]], and revere him actively.<ref>Asbjørn Dyrendal, James R. Lewis, and Jesper Aa. Petersen, “[https://academic.oup.com/book/2880/chapter-abstract/143498463 Satanic Attitudes],” in ''The Invention of Satanism'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 178–197.</ref> [[Satano-Grigorism]] is one of many theistic Satanic religions. | |||
Various theistic Satanic religions differ on theology, nomenclature, and cosmology, including their beliefs on the nature and identity of Satanael. Most theistic Satanists refer to their deity as Satan or Lucifer. Many forms of theistic Satanism assert that some of the names listed by the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]] as alternate names of Satanael actually refer to distinct beings (see [[Satanael#False distinctions|"False distinctions"]] earlier in this article). Some Satanists also conflate Satanael with other beings such as [[Samael]] or [[Ahriman]] (see [[Satanael#False conflations|"False conflations"]] earlier in this article). | |||
==== Biblical inspiration ==== | |||
Even though the [[Satanic religions]] are not [[Abrahamic religions]] and do not use the [[Bible]] as scripture, many Satanic understandings of Satanael are influenced by reinterpretation of certain biblical and [[Parabiblical literature|apocryphal]] stories about Satanael. For example, the Genesis story of Satanael as the serpent in [[Eden]] who counseled Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit has inspired many Satanists to view him as an enlightener who helps humans gain knowledge without being limited to what a higher authority approves of them learning. The fallen-angel interpretation of Satanael is also largely based on the Bible, specifically Isaiah 14:12, Ezekiel 28:13-17, Luke 10:18, and Revelation 12:9. | |||
==== As a fallen angel ==== | |||
Some Satanic religions accept a large amount of [[Bible|biblical]] theology and cosmology. They view Satan as a former [[angel]] who rebelled against his creator [[Yahweh]], but typically reject the [[Yahwist]] interpretation that this was an evil act. | |||
{{Needs expansion}} | |||
==== As creator ==== | |||
Some Satanists believe that Satanael is in fact the true creator of the universe.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/ Joy of Satan Ministries],” stating that Satan is a real spiritual being and describing him as the “True Father and Creator God of humanity.”</ref> While this belief is uncommon, it is not unique to Joy of Satan Ministries; some independent theistic Satanists also affirm Satan as the creator god.<ref>“[https://thesatancollection.blogspot.com/ The Satan Collection],” an independent theistic Satanist blog: quoted, “I do believe in Satan as the Creator God.”</ref> Most "Satan-as-Creator" Satanists still recognize other gods and spirits who are subordinate to Satanael and are usually referred to as demons. True monotheistic Satanism is very rare, but when it does exist, it almost always co-occurs with the Satan-as-Creator belief. | |||
The belief in Satan as creator is often paired with disbelief in Yahweh, usually with the specific claim that Yahweh is a fictional god fabricated by humans who desired control over others.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “Spiritual Satanism,” in which “YHVH” or Jehovah “is a false entity” and Satan is the “True Creator God.”</ref> In the case of Joy of Satan Ministries, the claim is that Yahweh was made up by the Jews in an attempt to control the world; they are criticized by many other Satanists for their known association with neo-Nazism, their antisemitic conspiracy theories, and their promotion of pseudohistorical "ancient aliens" ideology.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, ''[https://libraryofagartha.com/Occultism/%27Aryan%27%20Occultism/Joy%20Of%20Satan%20library/JoS%20-%20Exposing%20Christianity%20Volume%203%20-%20Biblical%20Insanity.pdf Exposing Christianity, Volume 3: Biblical Insanity]'', p. 37, claiming that Jews invented a fictitious biblical history and that Gentiles are consequently “enslaved at the hands of the Jews who control all of the wealth and the power.”</ref><ref>ChaosGarden, “[https://sincitysatanist.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/an-open-letter-to-the-joy-of-satan/ An Open Letter To The Joy Of Satan],” ''Sin City Satanism'', January 13, 2013, criticizing Joy of Satan from within the Satanic milieu as a deeply flawed organization.</ref> This unpleasant claim by Joy of Satan should not be taken to imply that all Satanists who do not believe in Yahweh have similar reasoning. Satanists who reject the existence of Yahweh may derive their disbelief from the fact that human rulers have used [[Yahwist]] ideas as a highly effective control tactic throughout history, or even simply from a lack of personal spiritual experiences with Yahweh. | |||
==== As an abstract cosmic force ==== | |||
The First Church of Satan once described different understandings of Satan through a trinity of differing Satanic currents: Gnostic, Traditional, and Generational, which are respectively likened to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit of Satanic doctrines.<ref name="FCoS FAQ">First Church of Satan, “[https://arcane-archive.org/religion/satanism/the-first-church-of-satan-faq-1.php Frequently Asked Questions],” archived by ''The Arcane Archive''.</ref> Many of the ideas presented by FCoS imply a highly abstract and impersonal view of Satan as a sort of living force that has will and shapes all things. Interestingly, FCoS makes several attempts to bridge the gap between Satanism and Wicca, stating that the force called "Satan" by Generational Satanists is the same one referred to as either "the Goddess" or "Pan" by Wiccans. They also present multiple eclectic syncretic interpretations, including the identification of the pagan god Loki with Lucifer and the use of the Hindu goddess Kali as the name of the ultimate dark force of the universe. The most unique claims made by FCoS are perhaps the ones that are Christian-influenced: angels, seraphim, and Watchers are all said to simply be other names for the ancient advanced race of beings who are called daemons by FCoS, and Joan of Arc is said to have been a daemon living on earth.<ref name="FCoS FAQ" /> | |||
==== In opposition to Yahweh ==== | |||
Some Satanists, especially but not always Diabolists, understand Satan as one half of a cosmic duality or opposition where the other half is usually [[Yahweh]]. A relatively obscure group called the International Temple of Satan understood Yahweh and Satan as personal beings who are polar opposites and exist in a state of cosmic antagonism, creating a duality in the cosmos. In their eyes, humans must choose a side: they must support one or the other.<ref name="IToS-Polarities">International Temple of Satan, “[https://templeofsatan.wordpress.com/2010/04/28/satan-and-yahweh-as-polarities/ Satan and Yahweh as Polarities],” 28 April 2010.</ref> International Temple of Satan members believed that when the final battle comes at the end of the world, Satan will win over Yahweh.<ref name="IToS-Polarities" /> They also identify Satan with Lucifer, specifically stating that they use the title Satan to refer to the god named Lucifer.<ref>International Temple of Satan, “[https://templeofsatan.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/lucifer-and-satan/ Lucifer and Satan],” ''The International Temple of Satan'', April 24, 2010.</ref> | |||
==== With Gnostic influence ==== | |||
Satanic currents influenced by [[Gnosticism]] maintain a concept of the Demiurge (evil or ignorant creator, usually assumed to be [[Yahweh]]) and a recognition of Satanael as the bringer of esoteric gnosis. The Ophite Cultus Sathanas, a Gnostic-influenced Satanist group founded in 1948, viewed Satanael ("Sathanas" or "Satan") as a messenger or courier of divine enlightenment sent down by a true supreme being who loves knowledge, in contrast to the Demiurge, who hates it and wishes to suppress it.<ref>Herbert Arthur Sloane, “[https://www.scribd.com/doc/272563377/Our-Lady-of-Endor-Coven-of-the-Ophite-Cultus-Sathanas-Memo-1968-Herbert-Sloane Our Lady of Endor Coven of the Ophite Cultus Sathanas],” 1968; see also Massimo Introvigne, ''Satanism: A Social History'' (Leiden: Brill, 2016), discussing the Ophite Cultus Sathanas.</ref> | |||
==== With pagan influence ==== | |||
Some Satanic traditions are heavily influenced by paganism, and this manifests itself in various diverse ways.<ref>Ethan Doyle White, “Between the Devil and the Old Gods,” ''Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review'' 9, no. 2 (2018): 141–164, doi:10.5840/asrr201810950.</ref> The [[Temple of Set]], a theistic Satanist organization that splintered from the [[Church of Satan]] in 1975 due to disagreement with the atheistic nature of LaVeyanism, identifies Satan with the ancient Egyptian god Set. Its founder, Michael Aquino, asserted that Satan is a real being but that his true identity is that of Set.<ref>Cimminne Holt, “Michael Aquino (Temple of Set), ''The Book of Coming Forth by Night'' (1975),” in Per Faxneld and Johan Nilsson, eds., ''Satanism: A Reader'' (Oxford University Press, 2023), pp. 237–251.</ref> | |||
The polytheistic Church of Azazel, founded by well-respected Satanist author Diane Vera, identifies Satan with Azazel and does not syncretize him with any pagan gods. However, in addition to Azazel, it worships five "Rising Gods of the Modern West," who are named as [[Lilith]], [[Prometheus]], Ishtar, Pan, and Lucifer-of-Sophia.<ref name="CoA-Rising-Gods">Diane Vera, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20231228055903/http://theisticsatanism.com/CoAz/belief/risingGods.html Our Five Rising Gods of the Modern West],” ''Church of Azazel'', archived December 28, 2023, via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.</ref> Prometheus, Ishtar, and Pan are pagan deities. This is an example of a Satanic religion that expresses pagan influence through polytheistic worship rather than syncretism of Satanael with pagan deities. | |||
Joy of Satan Ministries, which has now renamed itself to the Temple of Zeus, presents its faith as a continuation of ancient pagan religions and identifies Satan with the Mesopotamian god Enki and the Hellenic god Zeus.<ref>Joy of Satan Ministries, “[https://joyofsatan.org/Welcome.html Welcome],” explaining that Satan is a real being and presenting its faith as a restoration of an ancient pagan religion.</ref> | |||
=== Luciferianism === | |||
One subset of theistic Satanism, called [[Luciferianism]], warrants special mention because of its particular use of the name Lucifer and its unique set of common beliefs, as well as its debated classification. Satano-Grigorists generally classify Luciferianism as a subset of theistic Satanism, but not all Luciferians agree with this. Some say that Luciferianism is not Satanism, but is better classified as a Satanism-adjacent religion along with [[demonolatry]]. Others agree with the technical classification of Luciferianism as a form of theistic Satanism, but still prefer to call themselves Luciferians rather than Satanists to more precisely reflect their beliefs.<ref name="Luciferian-Witchcraft">Fredrik Gregorius, “Luciferian Witchcraft: At the Crossroads between Paganism and Satanism,” in Per Faxneld and Jesper Aa. Petersen, eds., ''The Devil's Party: Satanism in Modernity'' (Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 229–249, [https://academic.oup.com/book/11601/chapter-abstract/160465083 Oxford Academic].</ref> | |||
The Luciferian characterization of their deity is rather distinctive. Luciferians themselves are internally divided on the question of whether Lucifer and Satan are the same being. Many Luciferian traditions are significantly influenced by [[paganism]], while others are heavily influenced by [[Gnosticism]], so perceptions of Lucifer can vary.<ref>Ethan Doyle White, “[https://correspondencesjournal.com/11304-2/ An Elusive Roebuck: Luciferianism and Paganism in Robert Cochrane’s Witchcraft],” ''Correspondences'' 1, no. 1 (2013): 75–101.</ref> A common thread, however, is the idea that Lucifer is associated with liberation, enlightenment, knowledge, and the "awakening" of the human mind.<ref>Assembly of Light Bearers, “[https://www.assemblyoflightbearers.org/luciferian-11-points-of-power Luciferian 11 Points of Power].”</ref><ref name="Luciferian-Witchcraft" /> Those who distinguish Lucifer and Satan tend to reserve these associations for Lucifer; they then ascribe to Satan the domain of carnal indulgences, earthly pleasures, and sometimes even destruction or pure adversarial nature.<ref>Assembly of Light Bearers, “[https://www.assemblyoflightbearers.org/faq FAQ],” distinguishing Lucifer as representing freedom-bearing knowledge from Satan as representing adversarial and destructive principles.</ref> Others do not distinguish the two and regard them as different aspects or names of the same being, similar to the Satano-Grigorist interpretation. | |||
In some Luciferian traditions, Lucifer is a fallen angel who was created by [[Yahweh]] and rebelled against him to liberate himself and, often, to liberate humanity. The story of the serpent of Eden counseling Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit of knowledge is prominent in Luciferianism, since most Luciferians identify the serpent either allegorically or literally with Lucifer; the forbidden fruit is believed to represent gnosis, enlightenment, or free will that Yahweh would have withheld from mankind.<ref>Assembly of Light Bearers, “[https://www.assemblyoflightbearers.org/luciferian-philosophy/what-is-a-luciferian/what-is-a-luciferian/what-is-a-luciferian What Is a Luciferian?].”</ref> Gnostic Luciferian traditions view Lucifer as an enlightening savior figure, either independent or emanated by a benevolent higher being, to foil the material entrapment and oppression of the wicked demiurge, who is usually identified as [[Yahweh]].<ref>Stephen E. Flowers, ''[https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Fraternitas-Saturni/Stephen-E-Flowers/9781620557228 The Fraternitas Saturni: History, Doctrine, and Rituals of the Magical Order of the Brotherhood of Saturn]'', 5th ed., rev. and exp. (Inner Traditions, 2018), chap. 2, “The Luciferian Principle.” Flowers calls the Lucifer of Fraternitas Saturni the Light-Bearer and savior of humanity, and discusses the group's Ophite Gnostic interpretation of Lucifer.</ref> Luciferians whose beliefs are prominently influenced by [[paganism]] may identify Lucifer with the ancient Greek god Prometheus, known for disobeying Zeus to stealthily bring the gift of fire to mankind. Alternatively, they may assert that Lucifer was a Roman deity associated with enlightenment and the morning star before [[Christianity]] demonized him and conflated him with Satan.<ref>Michael A. Aquino, “[https://arcane-archive.org/religion/satanism/temple-of-set/luciferian-1.php Luciferian????],” message posted to ''alt.satanism'', June 10, 1994, archived by ''The Arcane Archive''. Aquino says that “Lucifer was originally a Roman god” who was later conflated with Satan.</ref><ref>Gryphon, “[https://galahaderidanus.substack.com/p/lucifer Lucifer],” ''Apokalypsium'', calling Lucifer an “original Roman god” who corresponds to, or is equivalent to, the Greek god Phosphoros.</ref> | |||
=== Other forms of occultism === | |||
Satanael appears not only in Satanism but also in many other occult religions and belief systems. Ceremonial magic, [[demonolatry]], and other esoteric traditions mention him favorably or work with him in some way. European [[Goetic]] demonological grimoires variously mention Satan, Lucifer, Belial, and Beelzebul, which are all viewed as names of the same being in Satano-Grigorism but are usually distinguished within Goetic grimoires. The ''Grimorium Verum'' gives conjuring methods for both Lucifer and Beelzebuth (a corruption of Beelzebul) as distinct spirits.<ref>''[https://www.esotericarchives.com/solomon/gv_bi.htm Grimorium Verum]'', trans. and ed. Joseph H. Peterson, ''Esoteric Archives''.</ref> Peter Binsfeld's demonological classification identified Lucifer, Satan, and Beelzebul as distinct demons associated with different deadly sins. Even though Binsfeld was writing from a Christian perspective, his work largely inspired the common idea of seven archdemons corresponding to the seven deadly [[sins]] that still persists today in the belief systems of many [[demonolators]]. It is therefore also partly responsible for the view that these names of Satanael are in fact distinct beings.<ref name="Binsfeld-Tract"> | |||
Many other occult belief systems have also viewed Satanael positively. Helena Blavatsky, the founder of Theosophy, was not a Satanist, yet she evidently respected Satanael and associated him with values similar to those of many Satanists today. She used Satan, Lucifer, and the Devil as different names for the same being who, as the serpent in Eden, gave spiritual wisdom to humanity and liberated them from intellectual slavery.<ref name="Blavatsky-Satan">Per Faxneld, “[https://academic.oup.com/book/46787/chapter-abstract/413405442 Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (The Theosophical Society), ''The Secret Doctrine'' (1888)],” in Per Faxneld and Johan Nilsson, eds., ''Satanism: A Reader'' (Oxford University Press, 2023), pp. 71–92.</ref> Blavatsky's Theosophy heavily influenced many later occult traditions, possibly including many types of modern Luciferianism.<ref name="Blavatsky-Satan"> | |||
The form of Traditional Demonolatry taught by the prominent demonolator author S. Connolly envisions Satan as a divine primordial principle rather than a personal being in and of himself. Connolly explains that Satan is the "fifth element," presumably a reference to the classical four elements of earth, fire, water, and air. In Connolly's system, Satan is the "Whole," and all other demons are parts of the Whole. Every person and everything that exists in nature is also a part of the Whole that is referred to as Satan. <ref>S. Connolly, “[https://demonolatry.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/whatdemonolatry.pdf What Is Demonolatry?],” ''Demonolatry.org''. Connolly describes Satan as the “fifth element,” the “Whole,” and the source of the other demonic energies.</ref> This tradition also distinguishes Lucifer from Satan, listing Lucifer as a demon associated with the element of air for his uplifting and enlightening characteristics. | |||
== Textual references == | == Textual references == | ||
{{Empty section}} | {{Empty section|This section will be filled with selected references to Satanael from the [[Bible]], [[parabiblical literature]], and Satano-Grigorist literature.}} | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||