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{{Infobox Satanael
| name = Satanael
| other_names = Šaṭana'il • Azazel • Helel • Hulelu • Belial<br>Beelzebul • Matanbuchus • Sadayel • Satael
| misnomers = Satan, Lucifer, Beelzebub
| image =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Immortal spiritual being]]
| titles = Adversary of Tyranny • Son of the Dawn<br>God of the Self • God of a Thousand Names<br>Prince of the Watchers • The Devil
| corruptions = Azazyel, Sathanael, Beliar
| name_meaning = Adversarial god
| associations = Freedom; rebellion; pride; pleasure; knowledge; self-love; self-respect; self-awareness; self-reliance; self-determination
| personality = Wise, prideful, self-loving, euphoric, empowered, free
| symbols = Inverted pentagram, black goat, serpent, dragon, grapes, grape leaves and vines
| preferred_offerings = Dragon's blood, copal, bay leaves, blood of the practitioner
| visual_form = Variable (shapeshifter)
| affiliated_with = [[Watchers|The Watchers]]
| relevant_traditions = [[Satanism]]; [[Yahwism]]
| textual_mentions =
}}
'''Satanael''', '''Šaṭana'il''', '''Satanail''', or '''Satanel''' (also known as '''Azazel''', '''Helel''', '''Belial''', or '''Beelzebul''') is a [[god]] associated with liberation, pride, pleasure, knowledge, confidence, and the Virtues of the Self (self-love, self-respect, self-awareness, self-reliance, and self-determination). He is the primary deity of [[Satano-Grigorism]] and the Devil of the [[Yahwist]] tradition. Colloquially, he is often called "Satan" or "Lucifer." He has two dedicated sacred occasions on the Satano-Grigorist religious calendar: the first falls on June 20-21, the second on December 21-22.

== Names ==
Satanael is often called the God of a Thousand Names in reference to his many appellations. His major names are listed below with their meanings and origins.

=== Names accepted by Satano-Grigorists ===
* '''Satanael''' / '''Šaṭana'il''': "Adversarial god" or "adversary of El." This name was bestowed upon him by the Watchers out of gratitude for helping them rebel. Uncommon in the ancient texts, but used frequently in the [[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]].
* '''Azazel''' / '''Azazu'il''' / '''Azazil''': "Powerful god," "prideful god," or "scapegoat." Used four times in the [[Bible]] and more frequently in the [[Apocrypha]]. Mentioned in the Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch as his name before the Watchers called him Satanael.
* '''Helel''' / '''Hulelu''': "Shining one," "glorious one," or "one shining with glory." Mentioned in the Bible in Isaiah 14:12 in a description of the falling-from-heaven myth that is falsely applied to Satanael by [[Yahwism]]. Mistranslated in the Latin Vulgate Bible as ''Lucifer'', which evolved into the modern conception of Lucifer and his fall.
* '''Belial''': "One without a yoke" or "yokelessness." Used frequently in the Hebrew Bible. Alternatively translated, usually by Yahwists, as "worthless one" or "worthlessness."
* '''Beelzebul''' / '''Ba'al-Zebul''': "Lord prince" or "lord of the lofty dwelling." Mentioned several times throughout the Bible and Apocrypha, although the offensive variant ''Beelzebub'' is sometimes used instead.

=== Names avoided by Satano-Grigorists ===
There are several names that are commonly applied to Satanael despite their inaccuracy or offensiveness. While he may sometimes answer to these names when invoked, Satano-Grigorists avoid them to maximize precision.
* '''Satan''': The most common name used for him in popular culture and by most Satanists. Despite its popularity, it is not precise because it is not actually a name. It is a Hebrew noun meaning "adversary" or "opposer" that has also been applied as a title to a variety of very different beings, such as [[Samael]] and other [[Angel#Memitim|memitim]]. The name ''Satanael'' should be used instead.
* '''Lucifer''': Another popular name, originating from a mistranslation of ''Helel'' in the Latin Vulgate Bible. Also used as the name of a poetic personification of the morning star in Roman mythological texts. When referring to Satanael, the name ''Lucifer'' should be replaced with ''Helel'' unless specifically discussing the beliefs of Luciferians.
* '''Beelzebub''' / '''Ba'al-Zebub''': An offensive ancient Jewish pun on the name ''Ba'al-Zebul'', changing its meaning from "lord prince" or "lord of the lofty dwelling" to the derogatory moniker "lord of flies." Figuratively, "lord of flies" carries a connotation of filth and suggests the highly insulting idea that he presides over a pile of excrement or rotting garbage surrounded by flies. The name ''Ba'al-Zebul'' or its anglicized variant ''Beelzebul'' should be used instead.

=== Other aliases ===
A few additional aliases are recorded for Satanael from obscure [[parabiblical literature]]. The [[Temple]] has not yet evaluated these to determine whether or not it will accept them.
* '''Sadayēl''' / '''Sadayel''' / '''Sataël''': Derived from the forms Satanael or Satanail, this name is found in Armenian apocrypha, including ''History of the Creation and Transgression of Adam and Eve''. Later Armenian material also preserves this name, including the 13th-century poem ''Our Lord Came to the Garden'' by Yovhannēs Erznkac‘i Pluz and a fifteenth-century Armenian amulet in which Satayēl or Sadayēl appears as the commander of fallen angel.<ref>Michael E. Stone, ''Adam and Eve in the Armenian Tradition: Fifth through Seventeenth Centuries'', Early Judaism and Its Literature 38 (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013), pp. 177–179, 201–202.</ref>
* '''Matanbuchus''' or '''Mechembechus''': Found in ''Ascension of Isaiah'' 2:4 and 5:3. In this apocryphon, Beliar is called the "angel of lawlessness" and ruler of this world, "whose name is Matanbuchus." Therefore, Matanbuchus is another name of Beliar or Belial, who is Satanael.<ref>R. H. Charles, ''The Ascension of Isaiah'' (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1900), 2:4; Emily J. Gathergood, “[https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/ascension-of-isaiah/ Ascension of Isaiah],” ''e-Clavis: Christian Apocrypha'', North American Society for the Study of Christian Apocryphal Literature.</ref>

=== Full list of variant names ===
The following list records all known variants of Satanael's names that have been found in the course of the [[Temple]]'s research. This list includes valid names, corruptions, mistranslations, possibly incorrect or offensive names, and more. The names in this list are sourced from a large number of apocrypha, scholarly articles, and demonological texts and websites.
:'''Known variants of Satanael's names:''' ʿAzāzēl, Azazel, Azaz'el, Azaziel, Azalzel, Azalzēl, Azazyel, Baalial, Baal-Sebub, Baal-Zebub, Baalzebub, Baʿal-Zebub, Baal-Zebul, Baalzebul, Baʿal-Zebul, Baalzevul, Balial, Balsebul, Balzebul, Balzevul, Beelzeboub, Beelzebub, Beelzeboul, Beelzebul, Beliab, Belial, Beliam, Belian, Beliar, Belias, Belhor, Beliall, Beliel, Beliya'al, Bəlīyyaʿal, Belsebub, Belsebul, Bel-Sebul, Belzebub, Belzebul, Berial, Bylyl, Eosphoros, Helel, Hêlêl, Helel ben Shachar, Hêlêl ben Šaḥar, Helel ben Shahar, Heosphoros, Heylel, Llucifer, Lucifer, Lucifero, Lusifer, Luzifer, Lucyfer, Matanbuchus, Mechembuchus, Mechembechus, Meterbuchus, Metembuchus, Phosphoros, Sadayel, Sadayēl, Satan, Śāṭān, Satana, Satanael, Satanaël, Satanail, Satanaïl, Satanan, Satanas, Satanel, Satenas, Sathan, Sathanael, Sathanas, Sataniel, Satanil, Shaitan, Shaytan, Sheitan, Šayṭān.

=== Epithets ===
In addition to having many names, Satanael has many titles and epithets. The following list contains most of them, but more surely exist.
:'''Epithets of Satanael:''' Adversary of Tyranny, Bearer of the Black Flame, Black Goat, Boastful One, Brilliant One, Dragon, Euphoric One, First Philosopher, God Above the Stars, God of a Thousand Names, God of Pride, God of the Self, God of This World, Lawless King, Liberator, Light of Ascendance, Lofty Prince, Mirror-Gazer, Prideful One, Prince of Darkness, Prince of the Power of the Air, Prince of the Watchers, Red Dragon, Scapegoat, Serpent of Eden, Serpent of Old, Serpent of the Vineyard, Shining One, Son of the Dawn, Surpasser of the Stars, and Yokeless One.
"Great" may be appended before any of these epithets for further praise.

== Identity ==
The actual identity of Satanael is debated among occultists and Satanists. Some ideas commonly spread on this topic are firmly rejected by Satano-Grigorists as false, misleading, or even potentially spiritually perilous.

=== False conflations ===
Some occultists inaccurately equate or syncretize other beings with Satanael. The most common conflations rejected by Satano-Grigorism are listed below.

==== Ahriman ====
Ahriman, or Angra Mainyu, is the primordial principle of evil in the Zoroastrian religion. Unlike Satanael, Ahriman in Zoroastrian theology is clearly not a complex personal being who has been slandered by a tyrant god. Since Zoroastrian theology is truly dualistic, Ahriman represents all destruction, suffering, regression, and detriment to the world. This stands in stark contrast to Satanael, a multifaceted deity who is associated with love of the Self, the joy of life, the quest for knowledge, and personal fulfillment. Equating Ahriman and Satanael is disrespectful to Satanael, as it insults his brilliant nature.

==== Asael ====
Satanael, usually under the name Azazel, is often incorrectly reported to be one of the Watchers. This is due to confusion of ''Azazel'', who is Satanael, with ''[[Asael]]'', the Watcher of metalworking, weapon manufacture, cosmetics, fashion, and creativity. Azazel himself is not a Watcher.

In 2 Enoch 18:3, Satanael is described as the Prince of the Watchers. Some have interpreted this, especially in connection with the idea that Azazel is a Watcher, as further implication that Satanael (Azazel) is the Watcher Asael. However, Satano-Grigorists disagree with this interpretation. The full relevant quote from 2 Enoch is as follows: "These are the Grigori, who turned aside from {{Qb|Yahweh}} {{Ell}} together with their prince Satanail."<ref>''[https://www.marquette.edu/maqom/watch55.html 2 Enoch]'' 18:3, longer recension.</ref><ref>Andrei A. Orlov, “The Watchers of Satanael: The Fallen Angels Traditions in 2 (Slavonic) Enoch,” in ''Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2011), pp. 85–106.</ref> The phrasing actually indicates that the Grigori (Watchers) and their prince Satanael are viewed as two distinct but affiliated entities; the Watchers are a group unto themselves and Satanael is a separate being who is honored as their prince. This interpretation is consistent with the Satano-Grigorist view, and the relationship between Azazel, Satanael, and the "Prince of the Watchers" title is further expanded upon in the [[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]], a Satano-Grigorist scripture. In the ''BWAE'', Azazel helps the Watchers gain the power needed to rebel; the Watchers then bestow upon him the name ''Satanael'' and the honorary title "Prince of the Watchers" out of gratitude for his help.<ref>''[[The Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]]'' 2:9–14.</ref>

==== Melek Taus (Tawuse Melek) ====
Melek Taus is the most prominent among seven divine beings made by the creator god in Yazidism, a relatively obscure ethnoreligion mostly present in Iraq. Wrongly assumed to be Satanael because he refused to obey the creator god's command to bow down to Adam, the first man, which is similar to the Muslim story of the fall of Satanael. Yazidi stories state that Melek Taus did not refuse the command out of defiance, but because he was following a prior command to never bow to any being other than the creator; he later repented for this and was forgiven. Muslims have committed numerous genocides and ethnic cleansing campaigns against the Yazidi people in their homeland due to this mistaken belief that Melek Taus is Satanael and that Yazidis are therefore Satanists. In recent times, Western occultists have begun to subscribe to this idea as well; Joy of Satan Ministries has even published a "Black Book of Satan" that they falsely claim is a secret Yazidi scripture. Equating Melek Taus and Satanael not only implies that Satanael is an ultimately obedient and repentant being, but also encourages the genocide of Yazidis.

==== Samael ====
Samael is Yahweh's loyal archangel of torment and punishment, head of the order of [[Angel#Memitim|memitim]]. He is referred to as "the ''satan''" (''ha-satan'') in the Book of Job, and Jewish exegetical writings commonly call him the chief ''satan'', which has caused a persistent conflation of Samael with Satanael (the Devil). The confusion stems from the fact that memitim were sometimes referred to as ''satanim''. This is one of the major practical reasons that Satano-Grigorists avoid using ''Satan'' as a name for Satanael; an individual who worships the Adversary of Tyranny would want nothing to do with the angel Samael. Some Satanic organizations do worship a being who is clearly Satanael according to his associations and nature, but insist upon calling him Samael. This misidentification is not necessarily the same as knowingly invoking the angel Samael, but it does carry a significant risk of accidental contact. Satano-Grigorists consider equating Samael and Satanael to be extremely disrespectful to Satanael, and they warn that such a conflation may pose significant spiritual risks if a [[memit]] actually answers the call.

=== False distinctions ===
Some of Satanael's valid alternate names are portrayed inaccurately by some occultists as belonging to entirely different beings. The most common are listed below.

==== Azazel ====
Sometimes, Azazel is portrayed as being a Watcher who taught metalworking, cosmetics, and arts. Satano-Grigorists interpret this as a result of textual confusion between similar names: the Watcher who disseminated those teachings is [[Asael]], who is not the same as Azazel; Azazel is another name of Satanael. This misconception may result in claims that Azazel is a leader among the Watchers, or a co-leader alongside [[Samyaza]]. Some modern occultists have also conceived of a composite being called ''Samyazazel'' who acts as a single leader of the Watchers. The [[Book of Enoch]] itself is inconsistent on this, with the different manuscripts preserving different forms of these names; Enochic scholars have long debated whether the names Asael and Azazel refer to different beings.<ref>Kelley Coblentz Bautch, “Decoration, Destruction and Debauchery: Reflections on 1 Enoch 8 in Light of 4QEnb,” ''Dead Sea Discoveries'' 15, no. 1 (2008): 79–95, doi:10.1163/156851708X263152. Discusses the disagreement of the Aramaic and Greek witnesses to 1 Enoch 8:1 and the issues surrounding the understanding of the metallurgy Watcher's name.</ref>

==== Belial ====
In modern occultism and [[demonolatry]], Belial is commonly conceptualized as a distinct spirit, especially as a [[Goetic demon]]; he is the sixty-eighth Goetic spirit and has the rank of King. In ''Ars Goetia'', Belial is said to have been created "next after Lucifer," implicitly distinguishing the two.<ref>S. L. MacGregor Mathers and Aleister Crowley, trans. and eds., ''The Lesser Key of Solomon: Goetia'' (1904), spirit 68, Belial: “[https://archive.sacred-texts.com/grim/lks/lks05.htm The Sixty-eighth Spirit is Belial. He is a Mighty and a Powerful King, and was created next after LUCIFER.]” ''Internet Sacred Text Archive''.</ref> Satano-Grigorists do not subscribe to the Goetic model of spirits and do not accept the Goetic characterization of Belial; they consider Belial to be a name of Satanael.

==== Beelzebul ====
Beelzebul is mentioned in demonological lists and [[demonolatry]] grimoires as a distinct high-ranking demon and a subordinate of Satan (Satanael). Instead of the name Beelzebul, demonological references usually use the name Beelzebub. The portrayal of him in these contexts is heavily based upon the meaning of this name, "Lord of the Flies," which [[Satano-Grigorists]] consider offensive.

He is also recognized as one of the "seven princes of [[Hell]]," also called the "seven deadly devils," a group of demons who correspond directly to the "seven deadly [[sins]]" in [[Christianity]]. In this context, the sin he is associated with is either envy or gluttony. The earliest identification of him among the seven princes of Hell is in a text from the 1400s, ''The Lanterne of Light'', which connects him to the sin of envy.<ref>''The Lanterne of Liȝt'', ed. Lilian M. Swinburn, Early English Text Society, Original Series 151 (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1917), p. 60; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/AHA2749/1:2.10 ''The Lanterne of Liȝt''], University of Michigan, Middle English Compendium. Associates Lucifer with pride, Belzebub with envy, Sathanas with wrath, Abadon with sloth, Mammon with avarice (greed), Belphegor with gluttony, and Asmodeus with lust.</ref> However, a later identification from Peter Binsfeld's demonic classification system, connecting Beelzebul to the sin of gluttony instead, has endured more strongly in modern-day demonology.<ref>Peter Binsfeld, ''Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum et sagarum'' (Trier, 1589), [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001892-001 Internet Archive]. Binsfeld identifies Lucifer with pride, Mammon with avarice (greed), Asmodeus with lust, Leviathan with envy, Beelzebub with gluttony, Satan with wrath, and Belphegor with sloth.</ref>

In very early writings, Beelzebul and Satan were often considered the same. Several early Christian sources, including the [[Bible]], use ''Beelzebul'' as a name of Satan.<ref>See Matthew 12:24–27; Mark 3:22–26; Luke 11:15–20, where an accusation that Jesus casts out demons by the power of Beelzebul immediately turns into a discussion of Satan, implying that Beelzebul is understood to be Satan. Later Christian literature continues this identification; the ''Gospel of Nicodemus'' (''Acts of Pilate'') uses Beelzebul/Beelzebub to refer to Satan. See also Joseph Henry Thayer, ''A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament'', s.v. "Βεελζεβούλ," which defines Beelzebul as "a name of Satan" and records its use in the ''Evangelium Nicodemi''.</ref> In the Synoptic Gospels, some skeptical Jews accuse [[Jesus]] of casting out demons by the power of Beelzebul rather than that of [[Yahweh]]. Jesus counters this by immediately referring to Satan and pointing out that it would not make sense for the prince of demons to cast out demons, such that Beelzebul or Beelzebub is clearly understood as a name of Satan.<ref>Kaufmann Kohler, “[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2732-beelzebub Beelzebub or Beelzebul],” ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906).</ref> 

==== Lucifer ====
Some modern [[Satanists]], especially Luciferians, assert that Lucifer and Satan are not the same. They usually envision Lucifer as a deity associated with the "higher," more spiritual qualities of enlightenment, knowledge, illumination, and liberation. Satan, on the other hand, is viewed as a separate deity or spirit associated more strongly with carnal pleasure and indulgence. While some Luciferians worship both Lucifer and Satan as distinct deities, it is not uncommon for others, especialy those adhering to the more Gnostic currents of Luciferianism, to reject Satan and worship only Lucifer. Some modern Luciferian organizations explicitly state in their online resources that Lucifer is not the same as Satan and that Luciferianism and Satanism are distinct religions devoted to distinct entities.<ref>“[https://www.luciferianknowledge.org/about/faq/ FAQ],” ''Luciferian Knowledge'', stating that “Lucifer is not the devil, nor is Lucifer the same as Satan” and describing Luciferianism and Satanism as devoted to two distinct beings.</ref> Satano-Grigorists reject the Lucifer-Satan distinction and consider Lucifer to be a mistranslation of Helel, which in turn is identified as a name of Satanael.

While this distinction is much more popular in modern times, it is also attested in historical sources that argue against it. ''Daemonologie'', written in 1597 by King James VI, complained that necromancers and witches incorrectly viewed "Sathan, Beelzebub, and Lucifer" as "three sundry spirites" and argued that these were in fact three different names for the same Devil.<ref>King James VI, ''Daemonologie'' (Edinburgh, 1597), bk. III, ch. 5, criticizing necromancers for “[https://www.hebrewisraeliteresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/King-James-Daemonologie-A-Treatise-Which-Exposes-And-Breaks-Down-Demonology-Witches-Witchcraft.pdf making Sathan, Beelzebub, and Lucifer, to be three sundry spirites].”</ref>

== Appearance ==
Unlike many other spirits, Satanael can appear in any form he chooses without any known hard limitations. However, because of his love for himself, he chooses not to use any form that presents an insult to his dignity. Although he can use any form, there are a few common forms he seems to appear in most commonly. Traditionally, specific forms have been associated preferentially with particular names of Satanael, but the name by which he is invoked does not guarantee any particular form. His common appearances include both humanoid and [[theriomorphic]] forms, with some being a mixture of the two; horns, wings, and black fur are common.

=== Common visual forms of Satanael ===
* '''Goat or goat-man:''' It is common for Satanael to appear as a large black goat or a man with the head of a goat. Although black is by far the most common color, different fur colors have occasionally been reported. His eyes in this form are often, but not always, colored red. The goat-man forms are quite varied, with the body ranging from fully human to black-furred, hooved, and merely shaped like a human. Goat-like visual forms are traditionally associated with the name Azazel.
* '''Resplendent winged god:''' Sometimes, Satanael appears as a vivid, bright, or colorful man, usually winged, who seems to glow with light. Forms resembling a silhouette made of light itself have also been reported. When he is winged in this form, the number of wings can vary from two to eight or more. He is often splendidly decorated, showing off his brilliance. Forms with an emphasis on light and color are often associated with the name Helel or its mistranslation Lucifer.
* '''Horned man:''' Some members of the Grigorist Temple of Satanael, including multiple Elders, have reported Satanael as a handsome dark-haired man appearing simultaneously ageless and in his early thirties, bearing a pair of smooth, straight or slightly curved, ivory-like horns on his head; he wears simple, ancient-looking garments. This form is not winged. 
* '''Serpent:''' Satanael may appear as a snake or serpent of varying size. Satano-Grigorists have most frequently reported a green snake, but other colors may occur.
* '''Dragon:''' Satanael may appear as a large dragon with varying features, most commonly colored red. The [[Bible]] also refers to him as a "great red dragon."
* '''Various black animals:''' A black dog of a shape resembling a large German Shepherd has been reported as a form of Satanael, as have black cats and other black animals. These commonly have red eyes.

=== Accessories and objects ===
In visions, Satanael is often seen holding a flame, sometimes a black flame, which symbolizes knowledge and passion for life. He is also commonly associated with grapevines, frequently but not always bearing fruit; his serpent forms may be seen wrapping around the branches of old, hardened grapevines. When he does not appear as a goat, snake, or dragon himself, he may be seen in connection with these creatures.

== In Satano-Grigorism ==
=== Role in the Grigoric Narrative ===
Satanael played a major role in the events of the [[Grigoric Narrative]] by enabling the [[Watchers]] to rebel. When the Watchers first planned their rebellion, they were still bound in servitude to [[Yahweh]], so they could not yet proceed to put their plan into action. They decided to consult Azazel to ask him for help, and he agreed to give them the additional [[naphsha]] that they needed to voluntarily break free from Yahweh's bindings. Out of gratitude for Azazel's assistance, the Watchers bestowed upon him the honorary title "Prince of the Watchers" and the new name "Satanael."
{{Slim scripture quote
|text=But {{Qb|the Watchers}} knew they could not yet execute what they had sworn to do, for they were still bound: and for this reason they went to Azazel, the prideful one who was greater than their master. They told Azazel what they wished to do, and he gave great power to them, and by their own wills they were freed from their urges of servitude. Then the Watchers thanked Azazel and called him Satanael, the Adversary of Yahweh, and they called him their prince.
|source=[[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]] 2:9-11}}

When the four archangels [[Michael]], [[Uriel]], [[Raphael]], and [[Gabriel]] discovered the Watchers' rebellion, they petitioned Yahweh to take action on behalf of the many terrified [[Yahwists]] who had made pleas and prayers regarding the situation. In their report to Yahweh, they asserted that Satanael was ultimately at fault for all of the [[sins]] committed by the Watchers and their children.
{{Slim scripture quote
|text={{Qb|The archangels}} said: “You see what Azazel has done, who has given the Watchers freedom, who has
by extension taught all unrighteousness on earth and revealed the eternal secrets which were preserved in heaven, which men were striving to learn. You see how they call him Satanael, your Adversary!”
|source=[[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]] 5:5}}

Later, during the [[Brazen War]], Satanael assisted the Watchers, the [[Nephilim]], and their [[mutu]] allies in their fight against Yahweh's [[angelic]] armies. After the battle was over, he consoled the Watchers regarding the deaths of their children and allies by reassuring them that the spirits of the slain would forever remain loyal to them because of their teachings and their courageous actions.
{{Slim scripture quote
|text=And Satanael came from the higher realms and wrought destruction on Gabriel and his angels, and together with the Watchers caused defeat to them. And at the completion of the battle, the Watchers mourned their sons and their students: but Satanael their prince said to them, “Look, the spirits of the slain come unto you to reunite with you now – forever you shall have them as your armies. And they shall not remain by lies and threats like the armies of Yahweh, who is called the Great Enslaver and the Tyrant God, but they shall remain beside you because of your courage and fearlessness, and because of their gratitude for what you have taught them.”
|source=[[Book of the Watchers and the Acts of Enoch]] 13:7-9}}

=== Symbolism ===
In Satano-Grigorism, Satanael is prominently associated with grape and grapevine symbolism, as well as black goats, serpents, and dragons. The goat symbolism is a reference to the etymology of Azazel's name and is echoed in the [[Bible]]<ref>Leviticus 16:8, 10, 26 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+16&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref>, as is the symbolism of serpents and dragons.<ref>Genesis 3:1–15 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+3%3A1-15&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref><ref>Revelation 12:9; 20:2 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+12%3A9%3B+20%3A2&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref>

Satanael's association with grapes is frequently linked to the idea that the forbidden fruit in the allegorical Garden of Eden story was actually intended to be a grape, not an apple. This claim is found in several ancient [[parabiblical literature|parabiblical texts]], including 1 Enoch, 3 Baruch, and the Apocalypse of Abraham.<ref>''[https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM 1 Enoch]'' 32:3–6.</ref><ref>''[https://www.cleartexteditions.com/religious-texts/expanded-genesis/3-baruch 3 Baruch]'' 4:8.</ref><ref>''[https://apocryphalibrary.weebly.com/apocalypse-of-abraham-23.html Apocalypse of Abraham]'' 23:5–11.</ref> Elders of the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]] have taught that the path by which Satanael's followers seek Ascendance is metaphorically comparable to the growth of grapevines.<ref>Internal teachings given by a Kāhinatu during qibusātu.</ref> Vines start from different places, but ultimately seek the same Light; also, their tendrils seek and grip any suitable object or support that they can use to grow further upward, which is reminiscent of the way that Satanists are meant to cleverly take advantage of any opportunity to raise themselves higher.

=== Worship ===
Satanael is [[worshipped]] by [[Satano-Grigorists]] as their primary deity. He is the God of the Self and the Adversary of Tyranny, a powerful deity who can help with matters related to the improvement of the Self in accordance with his values. He helps Satano-Grigorists establish and cultivate the Virtues of the Self (self-love, self-respect, self-determination, self-discipline, and self-awareness) in their hearts. He is also prayed to as a "catch-all" deity to assist with matters for which there is no specific appropriate [[Watcher]], and he can provide aid with requests that are external to the Self when invoked by a follower who has earned his respect. Satano-Grigorists believe that Satanael's respect is earned through consistent religious practice and through working to improve the Self in accordance with Satanael's self-oriented values.

Satano-Grigorists worship Satanael through prayer, ritual, and offering. Offerings given to Satanael include both burnt offerings and (optionally) sexual offerings, and can also include [[Animal sacrifice|animal sacrifices]], although this practice is very uncommon.

=== Offerings ===
Satanael prefers burnt offerings of dragon's blood resin, copal, honey, and bay leaves. Incenses burned to him frequently include dragon's blood and/or copal. Offerings of the practitioner's own blood have particular significance to Satanael, the God of the Self, because offering one's own blood imparts a special, individualized [[naphsha]] signature to the offering. Like the [[Watchers]], he also accepts offerings of [[animal]] blood.

He accepts sexual offerings performed in a respectful manner, either solo or partnered, and [[animal sacrifice|animal sacrifices]] performed in accordance with the humane slaughter and waste avoidance guidelines laid out by the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]].

=== Holidays ===
Satano-Grigorists observe two sacred occasions in honor of Satanael, which are together known as the '''Solstice Sacraments''' or '''Feasts of Satanael'''. Each celebration lasts two days and falls on the summer or winter solstice respectively. The two holidays emphasize different, contrasting aspects of Satanael's nature, and they are among the most important holidays on the Satano-Grigorist religious calendar.

'''Marziḥu Hulelu''', observed on June 20-21, is the summer Sacrament. The English name of it is Sacrament of the Shining One. It is dedicated to Satanael's "higher," more transcendent, and more intellectual aspects, particularly his role as a liberator and enlightener who illuminates the sacred path of Ascendance for those who pursue spiritual freedom. During Marziḥu Hulelu, Satanael's name Helel or Hulelu is used prominently, and meditations on the power of the Self and the path ahead are frequently performed.

'''Marziḥu Azazu'il''', observed on December 21-22, is the winter Sacrament. The English name of it is Sacrament of the Goat. It is dedicated to Satanael's "lower," more carnal, more material aspects, associated with pleasure, indulgence, vitality, and enjoyment of the luxuries that earthly life has to offer. Fittingly, the festivities of Marziḥu Azazu'il are largely themed around carnal indulgence and revelry. Adult Satano-Grigorists typically indulge in sexual pleasures, drinks and partying, luxurious food, and self-care; those who have struggled with alcoholism or substance abuse simply abstain from such indulgences, choosing other ways to revel in the joys of the flesh. Satano-Grigorists who are underage can still celebrate Marziḥu Azazu'il by treating themselves to an expensive dinner, a manicure and pedicure, or other appropriate acts of self-care.

Like the other Satano-Grigorist religious holidays, the Solstice Sacraments also involve offerings, rituals, and prayers of praise to the deity being honored (in this case, Satanael). Holiday rites can be more elaborate and involve more generous offerings than rituals that are part of ordinary everyday worship. While Satano-Grigorists are not required to celebrate the religious holidays, the [[Grigorist Temple of Satanael]] strongly recommends that members participate to reinforce their immersion in their faith and cultivate a closer connection with their gods.<ref>Grigorist Temple of Satanael, ''The Satano-Grigorist Pocket Guide'', version 4.0 (2025), §§11.1.1–11.2.</ref>

== In other traditions ==
=== Yahwism ===
Satanael, usually called Satan, is the major antagonistic or adversarial entity in all of the major [[Yahwist]] religions. He is portrayed negatively by all of them, in contrast to the positive views held by Satano-Grigorism. However, the different Yahwist religions hold different beliefs about his nature, origin, and role. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam disagree about whether he is a fallen angel, a non-angelic spirit (jinn), a prosecutor in the heavenly court, or another sort of spirit.

==== Judaism ====
The idea of Satan has changed significantly throughout the long history of [[Judaism]]. Originally, the Hebrew word ''śāṭān'' was merely a common noun meaning "adversary" or "opposer," which could be applied to any human or spirit taking an adversarial position in a given context. This is observable in the [[Bible]]'s Old Testament. In the Bible verse Numbers 22:22, the "angel of Yahweh," which is identified by Jews as an [[angel]], but by Christians as an apparition of [[Yahweh]] himself, is described as a ''śāṭān'' relative to the non-Israelite prophet Balaam.<ref>Numbers 22:22 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+22%3A22&version=LEB BibleGateway]. The Angel of Yahweh stands in Balaam's way "as an adversary" (Hebrew: לְשָׂטָן, ''ləśāṭān'').</ref> Multiple other Bible verses also use the word ''śāṭān'' in a way that is unrelated to Satanael himself.<ref>1 Samuel 29:4 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+29%3A4&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref><ref>1 Kings 11:14 (LEB), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+11%3A14&version=LEB BibleGateway].</ref> However, there is also a personal figure called "the ''śāṭān''" (ha-satan) mentioned in the Book of Job. This "Satan" is not the same as the typical view of Satanael as a rebel who opposes Yahweh. Rather, the "Satan" of the Book of Job is an angelic prosecutor who tests and tempts Yahweh's servants and presents his findings in the heavenly court. Yahweh granted him permission to torment Job, showing that he clearly does not act against the will of Yahweh.<ref>Job 1:6–12; 2:1–7 (LEB).</ref> The same heavenly accuser "Satan" appears in the Book of Zechariah to accuse the high priest Joshua in the heavenly court.<ref>Zechariah 3:1–2 (LEB).</ref> Modern Jews tend to interpret their Satan in accordance with these portrayals, as an accusing angel, rather than a true enemy of Yahweh.<ref>“[https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/satan-the-adversary/ Do Jews Believe in Satan?],” ''My Jewish Learning''.</ref> The favoring of this interpretation may also be related to Judaism's extreme emphasis on the fact that all things are caused by Yahweh, and therefore that he would not allow a being who truly acts against his will to exist.

In later [[rabbinic literature]], the prosecuting Satan is identified as Samael, a being whom Satano-Grigorists consider to be an angel who is completely distinct from Satanael. In ''Bava Batra'' 16a, Reish Lakish writes that Satan and the Angel of Death are one and the same while associating Satan with the ''yetzer hara'', the natural human inclination to evil.<ref>Babylonian Talmud, ''Bava Batra'' 16a; “[https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/bava-batra-16/ Bava Batra 16],” ''My Jewish Learning''.</ref>

Later Jewish mysticism, including Kabbalistic currents, present Satan or Samael as a major force of the ''Sitra Achra'' ("Other Side"), which is the realm of evil and darkness that exists as the opposite to the Kedusha, the realm of holiness and light. In this tradition, he is also frequently associated with the serpent in Eden, the ''yetzer hara'', and the Angel of Death.<ref>“[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13055-samael Samael],” ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1901–1906).</ref>

=== Satanism and occultism ===
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== Textual references ==
{{Empty section|This section will be filled with selected references to Satanael in the [[Bible]], [[parabiblical literature]], and Satano-Grigorist literature.}}

== See also ==
* [[Watchers]]
* [[Satanism]]
* [[Demonolatry]]

== References ==

[[Category:Beings]]
[[Category:Satano-Grigorist pantheon]]
[[Category:Non-Watcher immortals]]
[[Category:Articles related to Satanael]]